Monitoring of some physical and chemical water parameters in highly intensive marine shrimp culture under hyper saline conditions

As well as Penaeid shrimp growing out develops under median hyper saline levels of 43%0 in monitored growing out highly intensive cultured shrimp ponds, the physical and chemical water quality parameters were kept about optimal and appropriate levels for the cultured shrimp. Dissolved oxygen, log of hydrogen ion concentration, temperature, salinity, transparency, total nitrogen ammonia and nitrite nitrogen were continuously, regularly and daily measured for 152 days as the pond growing out period after 42 days of nursery period. In this study the minimal and the maximal ranges of the measured physical and chemical water quality parameters were around reared Penaes indicus shrimp capability to tolerate, alternate and accommodate its physiological life conditions for these monitored levels of these hydrological parameters. Although, some of these monitored parameters were deviated from the necessary optimal levels in some days in some studied ponds, then, controlling and correction of the impaired parameters were directly applied in any affected pond as quickly as deviation was discovered. Therefore, the productivity of monitored ponds at harvesting time was very good in all surveyed ponds [No. 1, 2, 3 and 4] and equals 22.174, 21.921, 22.330 and 22.227 mt / ha / crop as well as with appropriate survival rates of 77.9, 78.3, 76.8 and 77.5% respectively. Feed conversion rates for surveyed ponds were high and equal as 2.69, 2.60, and 2.75 and 2.71 respectively. It is concluded that controlled water quality parameters in growing out highly intensive cultured shrimp ponds will lead to benefit results of good health and better quality shrimp production and acceptable survival rates with good harvesting productivity. It is advisable for intensive shrimp growing out ponds that their physical and chemical water parameters must be under continuous, regular and daily observation and checking by physical detection and chemical analysis for obtaining good hygienic and economic product

Immunological and biochemical responses in asian seabass fingerlings [lates calcarifer] vaccinated with vibrio anguillarum bacterin

Groups of apparently healthy Asian seabass fingerlings [Lates calcarifer] weighing from 20 to 30 g were immunized against vibriosis by a vaccine in the form of formalin killed bacteria of Vibrio anguillarum that originated from diseased fish. This immunization was administered by three different routes which were bath immersion, orally [by feeding] or intraperitoneal injection [IP]. Immunization process was followed with booster dose by the same routes 2 weeks after the 1[st] dose. The efficacy of this vaccination was evaluated based on immune responses [specific and non specific] and protection against bacterial challenge performed by IP inoculation with 0.1 ml of bacterial, suspension of live virulent V. anguillarum at concentration of 1.2 x 108 c /ml. Antibody titres [as specific immunity], phagocytic activity phagocytic index and serum bactericidal activity [as non-specific immunity] mortality% and relative percentage survival [RPS] as challenge indicators against V. anguillarum were determined. Also, serum: total protein, albumin and globulin contents and albumin / globulin ratio [A / G] were estimated. In the present study serum antibody titres, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were significantly increased in different vaccinated groups after one and two weeks from the 1[st] dose of vaccine and after one week of booster dose of vaccine. Except, only one week after the 1[st] dose of vaccine, bath immersion vaccinated group showed no changes in serum antibody titres. Detection of serum bactericidal activity showed that there were significantly higher levels against V. anguillarum as marked reduced survive index [SI] in all vaccinated fish compared with controls at different sampling times. Serum bactericidal activity in oral and IP injection of vaccinated fish groups showed higher levels by significantly indicated reduced survive index [SI] more than in bath immersion vaccinated group at different sampling times. The vaccination conferred protection without any mortalities against V. anguillarum challenge as relative percentage survival [RPS] = 100% for each group of oral and IP injection vaccination. RPS in the bath immersion vaccinated group was 60% with 40% mortality, while, in control group there was no protection, where, RPS was zero and mortality was 100% Serum total protein and globulin contents were significantly increased in all vaccinated groups one and two weeks after 1[st] dose of vaccination and also one week after the booster dose. Albumin contents of serum were significantly decreased in bath immersion and oral vaccinated groups after one week from the 1[st] and booster doses of vaccination A / G ratios were significantly decreased in bath immersion and oral vaccinated groups after one week from the 1[st] and booster doses of vaccination also, A / G ratios in IP injection vaccinated groups were significantly decreased after two weeks and one week from the 1[st] and booster doses of vaccination respectively. Thus Asian seabass fingerlings gave good protective immune responses to Vibrio anguillarum vaccine when vaccinated by direct bath immersion orally or IP injection but in the two last routes it was better and marked protective immunity were recorded

Clinico-pathological and histological observations in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to the molluscicidal activity of Anagallis arvensis

The exposure of Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus] to dry powder suspension of Anagallis arvensis at concentrations of 50 ppm and 100 ppm for 24 and 48 hours was considered to study the reaction of this fish against the used plant. A. arvensis was previously succeeded as an effective molluscicide for the control of Schistosoma and Fasciola snails. The present study aimed to test the effect of the molluscicidal doses of Saboon El-Gheit [A. arvensis] on some serum parameters and some tissue histopathological observations of O. niloticus to clarify whether this plant is safe, nontoxic and fit for this type of fish or not. O. niloticus exposed to the plant suspension showed no clinical symptoms and no patho-anatomic signs externally or internally after the exposure periods and at sampling. The results revealed that the dry powder suspension of A. arvensis at molluscicidal concentrations has neither toxic nor hazardous effects for O. niloticus