evaluation of sea surface topography models based on the combination of the satellite altimetry and the global geoid models in the Persian Gulf

One of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sea level and geoid. Theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sea level is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. The difference between these two levels is called as the sea surface topography. In this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeling by using the observations of three altimeter satellites [i.e. Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 and GFO] in Persian Gulf and then it is dealt with the evaluation of existing models of the sea surface topography based on the altimeter satellites data and the global geopotential geoid models [i.e. European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques, Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, Earth Gravitational Model 2008. The results of this research indicate that the sea surface topographical model resulting from the EIGEN06C geoid is the most precise model with changes range between -2.482 m and -1.511 m and mean -0.23 m

An investigation on Kangan gas refinery wastewater

Kangan Gas Refinery is one of the greatest gas refineries in Iran. Environmental affects of this refinery should be assessed because of its high economic importance, as well as its considerable revenue. Since the gas refinery is classified in highly polluted industry, therefore the impact of wastewater the refinery should be determined. This research is carried out on March 2002 at Kangan refinery, which is located in Kangan city, southern part of Iran. The gas refinery wastewater generally includes oil, hydrocarbon materials and chemical additives, which are in the form of emulsion in water. The following parameters, such as oil and grease, PAHs, BOD, TH, turbidity, COD, EC, pH, TSS, SiO[2], PO[4] are determined in wastewater of the refinery in order to determine the amount of pollutants, which are affecting the area where the refinery is located. The oil and grease are analyzed by FTIR and PAHs are determined by UV-Luminance and physico-chemical parameters are determined according to the Standard Methods. The results show that although pollution of the refinery wastewater is within world permissible limits [EPA], but since the area is affected by the wastewater and surrounding area is confined with river basin it could be concluded that pollutants, which are discharged to the echo environment, are not in the permissible limits of the similar Industries