Evaluation of the effect of some antibiotics, crystal violet dye and clove oil on bacterial organisms isolated from human teeth affected with caries disease

Twenty-six bacterial organisms were isolated from nine samples taken from human teeth affected with caries disease. These organisms were identified as Lactobacillus lactis [30.8%], Streptococcus mitis [19.2%], Streptococcus salivarius [15.4%], Staphylococcus aureus [11.5%], Staphylococcus epidermidis [11.5%] and Staphylococcus mutans [11.5%]. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics cefuroxime [zinnat], ampicillin [ampicillin], amoxycillin [arnoxil], norfloxin [noroxin] and erythromycin [erythromycin] were conducted. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found to be sensitive to all of the tested antibiotics, while Staphylococcus aureus shows sensitivity to amoxycillin and erythromycin only. The two strains were choosen for further studies, Crystal violet dye solution was found, to inhibit the growth of the two bacterial chosen strains at concentration ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 micro g/ml.While as the complete growth inhibition was attained at 0.6 micro g/ml, Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to the tested antibiotics in the presence of crystal violet solution at concentration ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 micro g/ml increased with ampicillin, amoxycillin and norfloxin, while the sensitivity decreased with cefuroxime and erythromycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC[s]] of clove oil against Staph. aureus and Staph, epidermidis were found to be 7% and 6% [v/v], respectively. While, the [MICV] of clove oil were observed in the presence of crystal violet dye to depend on the concentration of the dye in the agar medium

Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3-[2-substituted-5-oxo-3.5-dihydro-6.8-dicarbonitriles-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-7-y1] indole derivatives

Base catalyzed reaction of 1-substituted indole-3-carboxaldehydes 2a-d with malononitrile gave the corresponding 3-indolylidene malononitriles 3a-d. Heterocyclization of the latter compounds with 2-cyano-acetohydrazide, 2- acetyl-2-cyanoacetohydrazide and alpha-cyano acetyl arylaldehyde hydrazone derivatives gave the corresponding 1,6-diamino pyridine derivatives 4a-d, 3-[2-methyl-5-oxo-3,5-dihydro-6,8- dicarbonitriles-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyridine-7-y1] indoles 5a-d and 3-[2-ary1-5-oxo-3,5-dihydro-6,8-dicarbonitriles-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyridin-7-y1] indoles 6a-t, respectively. The target compounds 4a-d, 5a-d and 6a-t were evaluated in vitro against two strains of fungi, Candida albicans [AUCC-1720] and Aspergillus fumigatus [AUMC-1924], Fluconazole and Itraconazole were used as references. All compounds which contain the nitro group were found inefficient [MIC > 100 microg/mL], while the rest of the tested compounds exerted a slight activity [MIC 60-80 microg/mL] against each of C. albicans and A. fumigatus compared with the control