Successful Spinal Block in Obstetric Patient with Past History of Scorpion Sting and Failed Spinal Anesthesia

Association between local anesthestic resistance and scorpion sting have been reported in literatures. Scorpion venom is known to affect the sodium channels in the nerve fibres and local anesthetics also acts on the same. But we report a case of successful spinal block in 23 years old second gravida posted for elective caesarean section with past history of failed spinal block and multiple scorpion sting 7 years and 2 years back. Last exposure was 4 months before previous caesarean section, thus failed spinal block may be due to recent exposure. Our conclusion is that, there is a direct relationship between duration of exposure to scorpion venom and susceptibility to local anesthetics.

Development And Evaluation Of Lapatinib Solid Lipid Nanoparticles In The Management Of Breast Cancer

The current research was aimed at formulation of Lapatinib loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) followed by evaluation for effective treatment of breast cancer. The formulations prepared by homogenization and ultrasonication and evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro dissolution studies. Entrapment efficiency studies indicated proportional relation between concentration of lipid and the amount of drug entrapped. The physicochemical parameter evaluation data indicated 94.27% entrapment efficiency, 130 nm particle size and -19.9 zeta potential for stable formulation. The in vitro drug dissolution studies indicated that Lapatinib loaded SLNs (F6) formulated with Dynasan 116 and Egg Lecithin was suitable for anti-cancer therapy with higher drug dissolution rate.

Fast-track protocol versus conventional protocol on patient outcome:a randomized clinical trial

Background: The aim of this study is to compare fast-track methodology with traditional methods of surgical care in achieving better patient outcome, and ensuring a timely discharge from the hospital, and also note the factors that are responsible for a delayed discharge from the hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients undergoing elective surgeries were randomly allocated into fast-track and traditional protocol of perioperative care. Patients who underwent fast-track protocol (FTP) were started on early oral feeding and were encouraged for early discharge, while the others were made to follow the traditional method of recovery. The gastrointestinal functions, postoperative complications and hospital stay time were recorded. The results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Early feeding was well tolerated by all the patients in the "fast track" group, while the patients in the control group had increased number of "nil by mouth" days, and this result was statistically significant. Ambulation was started earlier in the case group as compared to the controls, and the mean period of starting of ambulation was statistically significant, in the cases as compared to the controls. The patients in the case group had an earlier discharge from the hospital, as compared to the control group. The most common reason for a delay in discharge from the hospital, in either group, was seen to be inadequate pain relief postoperatively. Conclusion: The FTP can significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay after elective surgery, as compared to the traditional protocol

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis in Turner syndrome.

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder which causes considerable morbidity when left untreated; it occurs predominantly in men. We describe an Asian Indian woman who had JAS with phenotypic features of Turner syndrome (TS) and was found to be a mosaic for 45, X/46, X, psu idic (X) (p11) by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of peripheral blood. The absence of Y chromosome material was confirmed by FISH. Haplo-insufficiency of the X chromosome can predispose to autoimmunity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of JAS in association with mosaic Turner syndrome. This case highlights the possible effects of gene dosage in development of an autoimmune disease.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-308 gene polymorphism in Indian patients with Takayasu’s arteritis - A pilot study.

Background & objectives: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- 308 promoter gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with several autoimmune disorders and infections such as tuberculosis. There is no study on TNF-α gene polymorphism in Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) till date. We aimed to study this polymorphism in TA, a granulomatous vasculitis, probably triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: TNF-α - 308 gene polymorphism was studied in 34 patients with TA and 39 healthy controls recruited from Christian Medical College, India. PCR was done followed by enzyme digestion. G and A polymorphisms were analysed. Occurrence of alleles in the disease group was compared with controls as well as with historical controls. Results: GG allele was most frequent in TA and in controls. GA allele was detected in four controls but only in one patient who was the oldest in the study group. AA polymorphism was detected in one control but not in TA. When compared with controls from other populations, it was found that our allelic frequency was similar to that in Japan as well as from USA with mixed population. However, predominantly Caucasian population studied from Netherlands, Germany and England, where TA is rare, had a higher frequency of A allele as compared to our controls. Interpretation & conclusions: Our preliminary results indicated that G allele at TNF-α - 308 was more common in TA patients and controls similar to that in other Indian as well as Japanese population. Compared to the western population, A allele was relatively less common in our study subjects.

Root - End Filling Materials - A Review.

When non-surgical root canal treatment fails to resolve periradicular lesions of endodontic origin or if retreatment is not feasible surgical intervention is recommended. Management of root end during endodontic surgery involves apical resection,retropreparation and retrofilling to seal the root canal. Numerous materials have been suggested and the newer ones like MTA, Castor Oil Polymer and calcium phosphate have shown promising results . This article is a review of literature on the suitability of various root end filling materials based on their leakage assessment, marginal adaptation, cytotoxicity and usage tests in experimental animals and humans.