[Molecular detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL] genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV in Escherichia coli isolated from water buffalo [Bubalus bubalis] feces in West Azerbaijan province, Iran]

Beta-lactamase enzymes are considered the most important factor of resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. In recent years, the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases has been prevailed among bacteria, especially bacteria of animal origin, and this is important in terms of public health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase [ESBL]-genes blaCTX-M, blaTEMand blaSHVin E. coli isolates recovered from fecal samples of apparently healthy water buffaloes [Bubalus bubalis] using polymerase chain reaction. In this study, 105 isolates of E. coli, which were obtained from 135 fecal samples of water buffaloes from different areas of West Azerbaijan province [33 isolates from Urmia, 33 isolates from Khoy, 24 isolates from Piranshahr and 15 isolates from Miandoab], were identified using biochemical characteristics as well as 23S rRNA gene amplification. Then, the presence of CTX-M, TEM, and SHVgroups of ESBLgenes were evaluated among the studied E. coli isolates by the PCR method. In the studied isolates, 47 out of 105 E. coli isolates [44.8%] contained blaCTX-M gene and 37 isolates [35.2%] harbored blaTEM gene. Also, 17 isolates [16.2%] contained both blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes simultaneously. According to the results, blaSHV gene was not detected among the studied isolates. Also, no significant difference was seen in distribution of ESBL genes among the studied regions. The results of this study indicate that water Buffalo gastrointestinal E. coli is reservoir for ESBLs, especially CTX-M and TEM types, and this should be considered in terms of public health and the transfer of resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria

[Comparison of the effects of canola oil with sunflower oil on blood pressure, lipid profile, apoproteins, lipoprotein[a], total antioxidant capacity, and CRP in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women]

Substituting dietary saturated fatty acid [SFA] with monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA] and polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], especially omega-3 fatty acids, both found in canola oil, can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of canola oil with sunflower oil on blood pressure, lipid profile, apoproteins, lipoprotein[a], total antioxidant capacity, and CRP in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women. We performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 44 hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women randomly divided into two groups receiving, daily for 8 weeks, either 30gr of canola oil or 30gr of sunflower oil. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed for serum triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], LDL-c, HDL-c, lipoprotein a [Lp[a]], apoproteinB [APOB], apoprotein A-I[APOA-I]? CRP, and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also measured and compared between the 2 groups at baseline and after intervention. There was a statistically significant decrease in diastolic pressure in the canola group, as compared to sunflower group, at the end of the period. The treatment also brought about a significant increase in HDL-c and significant decreases in the systolic blood pressure and TG/HDL-c in the canola group, whereas in the sunflower group mean serum LDL-c, TAC, and ApoB decreased significantly. The levels of ApoA-I, TC/HDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c decreased significantly in both groups. Further analysis of the data showed that there were no significant differences in Lp[a], CRP, and TAC between the two groups at the end of study. As compared to sunflower oil, canola oil has more desirable effects on diastolic blood pressure in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women

Evaluating the extent of pregravid risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in women in Tehran

Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Specific outcomes in previous pregnancies are considered as risk factors for GDM in the consecutive pregnancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pregravid risk factors of GDM in multigravid women. We conducted a retrospective cross sectional study on 114 multigravid women with GDM without previous history of diabetes and compared them with non-diabetic controls. We used modified criteria of Carpenter and Coustan for screening. Risk factors were obtained from medical records of individuals. We found that women of 26 years and older who had previous neonates with birth weight more than 3800 gram and those affected with hypothyroidism or chronic hypertension were at risk for GDM. The difference of the number of preterm birth in GDM women and healthy controls was statistically significant [p=0.05]. There was no significant difference between the numbers of pregnancies, parity, previous fetal and neonatal death and abortion number between patients and the control group. Our results show that maternal age over 26 years, birth weight of previous neonate more than 3800 g, hypothyroidism, chronic hypertension and probably history of preterm birth are significant risk factors for GDM

[ epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Golestan province, 2001]

Background and Objective: the burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of their research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the 18 years and above individuals in the urban and rural areas of Golestan province

Materials and Methods: 518 individuals selected through randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from among the existing families of Golestan province and the schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires completed by the clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria

Results: the results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 14.69%, which was 18.14% in the women, and 11.47% in the men. The mood and affective disorders respectively with 7.93 and 4.05% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this study was 0.97%, neuro-cognitive disorders 1.16% and dissociative disorders 0.58%. In the group anxiety disorders, panic disorder with 4.05% of had the higher prevalence and in the group of affective disorder, major depression, hypomanic and manic disorder with 1.93

Conclusion: this study showed that 7.53% of individuals that were studied suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.04%, separated or divorced individuals 50%, residents of urban areas 11.03%, illiterate individuals 12.75% and housewives 13.04% was more than other individuals in the sample. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Golestan province for mental health