Two Cases of Flanged Intrascleral Fixation Performed with Vitrectomy and Air-fluid Exchange

Purpose@#We report two cases in which vitrectomy, air-fluid exchange, and flanged intrascleral fixation were employed to treat crystalline or intraocular lens dislocation associated with retinal detachment.Case summary: Two patients visited our clinic complaining of visual disturbance in the right and left eye respectively. At the initial visits, slit-lamp examination revealed subluxation of a crystalline lens (with zonulysis on the nasal side) in case 1 and dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in case 2. Since retinal detachment was accompanied in both patients, they also underwent vitrectomy and air-liquid exchange during surgery. To fix the intraocular lens to the sclera, both ends of IOL haptics were cauterized using a low-temperature handheld device and flanged haptics had been deeply inserted into scleral tunnels. The intraocular pressure fell and vitreous hemorrhage developed immediately after surgery, but improved on additional treatment. At 18 and 6 months (cases 1 and 2) after surgery, the implanted IOLs were moved to the centers of the pupils without complications. @*Conclusion@#Flanged intrascleral fixation is stable and effective when treating a patient who requires vitrectomy and air-fluid exchange to deal with a retinal disease.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A 12-Month Study

Objective@#This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women. @*Materials and Methods@#We included 515 women who received MHT for 12 months. Changes in NAFLD was evaluated by ultrasonography (progressiono progression) were compared before and after 12 months of MHT based on the route of estrogen administration (transdermal/oral). In addition, changes in NAFLD according to estrogen dose and type of progestogen were evaluated. @*Results@#Baseline characteristics did not differ between patients who received transdermal (n=82) vs. oral (n=433) MHT. After 12 months of transdermal MHT, the prevalence of NAFLD decreased from 23.2% to 18.3% and the progression of NAFLD was observed in 3.7% patients, but this was not significantly different from those taking oral MHT. NAFLD progression was more common in women who had NAFLD at baseline and who received on oral MHT regimen compared to transdermal regimen (12.4% vs. 5.3%), however, differences were not statistically significant. In the oral MHT group, progression of NAFLD was significantly more common in standard-dose than low-dose (P=0.039). There was no significant difference in NAFLD progression according to the type of progestogen in patients using standard dose of estrogen. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that the route of estrogen administration and oral dose of estrogen might affect progression of NAFLD in women with NAFLD at baseline.

Progress in research on the determination of entrapment efficiency of liposomes / 中国药科大学学报

@#Liposome, a new dosage form, has become important in improving in vivo behavior of drugs or realizing targeted drug delivery. Study and control of its critical processes and quality attributes are the main challenges in the current research on liposomes. The degree of encapsulation can determine drug''s effect in vivo directly, thus entrapment efficiency (EE) has turned into one of the critical quality attributes of liposome.In this paper some methods commonly used for the determination of EE and their characteristics are summarized and analyzed, and the main factors to be considered for the determination are discussed.

Efficacy of Preservative-free Latanoprost in Normal-tension Glaucoma with Mild to Moderate Dry Eye

Purpose@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preservative-free latanoprost in patients with normal-tension glaucoma who had mild to moderate dry eye after switching from preserved latanoprost. @*Methods@#This retrospective study was conducted in patients with normal-tension glaucoma who had mild to moderate dry eye. All enrolled patients had used preserved latanoprost and switched to preservative-free Latanoprost. The study consisted of a baseline visit (treatment with preserved latanoprost) and four follow-up visits conducted after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment with preservative-free latanoprost. Intraocular pressure (IOP), mean deviation (MD), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Shirmer’s test score, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneo-conjunctival fluorescein staining, and adverse drug reactions were evaluated. @*Results@#The mean IOP and MD values during treatment with preserved latanoprost were 14.1 ± 2.6 mmHg and -2.68 ± 0.11 dB, respectively. The mean IOP and MD values at 12 months after switching to preservative-free latanoprost were 13.9 ± 1.9 mmHg and -2.66 ± 0.12 dB, respectively. The OSDI, Shirmer’s test score, BUT, and corneo-conjunctival fluorescein staining during treatment with preserved latanoprost were 53.15 ± 8.86, 4.97 ± 1.71 mm, 4.92 ± 1.72 seconds, and 2.92 ± 1.05, respectively. The OSDI, Shirmer’s test score, TBUT, and corneo-conjunctival fluorescein staining at 12 months after switching to preservative-free latanoprost were 49.07 ± 6.97, 5.51 ± 1.48 mm, 5.49 ± 1.46 seconds, and 2.47 ± 1.09, respectively. There were no serious adverse drug reactions causing ocular damage. @*Conclusions@#Preservative-free latanoprost was effective for improving objective and subjective symptoms compared to preserved latanoprost; it maintained a stable IOP and visual field value in patients with normal-tension glaucoma who had mild to moderate dry eye.

Analysis of bacitracin and its related substances by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry / 药物分析学报

A suitable liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC–Q-TOF–MS) method was developed for separation and characterization of related substances in bacitracin test drug. The separation was performed on LiChrospher RP-18 column using methanol as mobile phase A and 0.2% ammonium acetate buffer solution as mobile phase B in gradient elution. A total of 12 related substances were detected through high resolution mass spectrometric determination in a positive electrospray ionization mode. They were identified as co-existing active components and degradation products of bacitracin through the analysis and elucidation of both the protonated parents and the product ions of all the related substances and their fragmentation pathways were also proposed.

Effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs / Efecto de mezclas microencapsuladas de ácidos orgánicos y suplementos de aceites esenciales sobre el crecimiento y digestibilidad de nutrientes de cerdos en ceba / Efeito de misturas de ácidos orgânicos microencapsulados e suplementação de óleos essenciais sobre o crescimento e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em suínos em terminação

Background: positive effects of organic acids and essential oils (MOE) on livestock are well documented. Microencapsulation allows the slow release of core materials in a specific moment or environment. Objective: to evaluate the effect of supplementing finishing pigs with microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils (MOE) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emissions, and meat quality. Methods: 75 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc, 56.15 ± 3.77 kg] were used in this 10-week trial. Pigs were randomly distributed into 1 of 3 dietary treatments on the basis of body weight (BW) and gender. Each treatment had 5 replicate pens with 5 pigs (2 gilts, 3 barrows) per pen. Treatments were as follows: CON (a basal diet); MOE1 (CON + 0.025% MOE); MOE2 (CON + 0.050% MOE). Results: pigs fed the MOE2 diet had higher final BW at 5th and 10th week than those fed the CON diet (p<0.05). During weeks 0 to 5, MOE1 and MOE2 groups had greater average daily gain (ADG) than the CON group (p<0.05). Overall, ADG in MOE2 was greater than that in CON treatment (p<0.05). MOE2 group had higher dry matter (DM) and energy digestibility than the CON group (p<0.05). Conclusion: the present results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.05% MOE improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs.

Antecedentes: los efectos positivos de los ácidos orgánicos y aceites esenciales (MOE) en el ganado han sido documentados. La microencapsulación permite la liberación lenta del material de núcleo en un período o medio ambiente particulares. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de suplementar cerdos de engorde con mezclas microencapsuladas de ácidos orgánicos y aceites esenciales (MOE) sobre el rendimiento productivo, la digestibilidad de nutrientes, las emisiones de gases fecales, y la calidad de la carne. Métodos: 75 cerdos cruzados [(Yorkshire × Landrace) x Duroc), 56,15 ± 3,77 kg] se utilizaron en las 10 semanas que duró el ensayo. Los cerdos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 1 de 3 tratamientos dietarios, de acuerdo con su peso corporal (BW) y género. Cada tratamiento tuvo 5 réplicas (corrales) con 5 cerdos por corral (2 hembras y 3 machos castrados). Los tratamientos fueron: CON (dieta basal); MOE1 (CON + 0,025% MOE); MOE2 (CON + 0,050% MOE). Resultados: los cerdos alimentados con la dieta MOE2 tuvieron mayor BW final en las semanas 5ª y 10ª que los alimentados con la dieta CON (p<0,05). Durante la semana 0 a la 5 los grupos MOE1 y MOE2 tuvieron mayor ganancia media diaria (ADG) que el grupo CON (p<0,05). En general, la ADG de MOE2 fue mayor que en el tratamiento CON (p<0,05). El grupo MOE2 tuvo mayor digestibilidad de la materia seca (DM) y de la energía que el grupo CON (p<0,05). Conclusión: los resultados indican que la suplementación de la dieta con 0,05% MOE mejora el crecimiento y la digestibilidad de nutrientes en cerdos de ceba.

Antecedentes: os efeitos positivos de ácidos orgânicos e óleos essenciais (MOE) para o gado estão bem documentados na literatura. A microencapsulação permite a liberação lenta de materiais centrais num momento ou ambiente específico. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos de suplementação de suínos em terminação com misturas microencapsuladas de ácidos orgânicos e óleos essenciais (MOE) em pontos como desempenho produtivo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, emissões de gases nocivos fecais e qualidade da carne. Metodologia: 75 suínos mestiços [(Yorkshire × Landrace) x Duroc), 56,15 ± 3,77 kg] foram utilizados neste teste de 10 semanas. Os animais foram selecionados aleatoriamente em 1 de 3 currais de tratamento dietético, com base no peso corporal (BW) e sexo. Cada curral teve 5 réplicas e cada curral, 5 suínos (2 fêmeas, 3 machos castrados). Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: CON (dieta basal); MOE1 (CON + 0,025% MOE); MOE2 (CON + 0,050% MOE). Resultados: os animais que receberam a dieta MOE2 apresentaram significativamente maior PV final em 5 e 10 semanas do que aqueles alimentados com a dieta CON (p<0,05). Durante 0-5 semanas, os grupos MOE1 e MOE2 tiveram maior GMD que o grupo CON (p<0,05). De um modo geral, ADG de MOE2 foi maior do que no grupo CON (p<0,05). O grupo MOE2 teve a matéria seca (DM) e a digestibilidade de energia maiores do que o grupo CON (p<0,05). Conclusão: os resultados indicam que a suplementação dietética com 0.05% de MOE melhora o desempenho do crescimento e digestibilidade de nutrientes em suínos em terminação.

Analysis of 21 autopsy cases of aortic dissection with disputes / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore procedures and methods of forensic investigation for the death cases of aortic dissection with disputes.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one death cases of aortic dissection with disputes from 2006 to 2011 were collected. All the data were analyzed to investigate the reasons and features of the disputes.@*RESULTS@#The main causes of the disputes were clinical misdiagnosis or slight force. The pathologic type of De Bakey (I and II) or Stanford A were common in each case. For the cases dying of aortic dissection, it was significantly important to detect the rupture of entry and exit and observe the dissection of arterial wall.@*CONCLUSION@#The main causes of clinical misdiagnosis are insufficient experiences, careless observation and curtness in medical treatment. The difficult points in these cases are confirmation of the relationships between injury and disease, the primary affection and complication.

Judicial appraisal of 24 cases of medical tangles involving patient's death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the cause of mistakes in medical tangles involving patient's death, and to analyze its key points in judicial appraisal.@*METHODS@#Total 24 cases involving patient's death and multiple identifications were respectively analyzed and summarized based on common situations, distribution of departments, degree of responsibility and mistake analysis.@*RESULTS@#It was showed that those medical tangles mostly originated from technical aspects, such as neglecting of latent symptoms, oversimplified management in clinical reception, poor cooperation between departments, and hesitation in confronting unexpected emergencies. In addition, some institutional mistakes, such as the performance of disclosure duty, opportunity of referral course, and deficiency of basal medical equipments, were the other aspects that caused these medical tangles.@*CONCLUSION@#The results mentioned above could provide some clues for the judicial appraisal of the similar medical tangles, and be helpful for avoiding their occurrence in future.

Application of multi-slice computed tomography in biomechanical analysis of traffic accidents / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the application value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and 3D reconstruction in biomechanical analysis of traffic accidents in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Based on a real case, the tomoscan images were obtained from a corpse by MSCT scanning. The 3D images were reconstructed. The biomechanic process of injury manners of impacting, rolling and crushing in traffic accidents was analyzed together with autopsy, vehicle inspection, etc. The MSCT results were compared with the autopsy results.@*RESULTS@#Some characters in situ including the part of fracture on different site that suffered by force from different directions, trends of fracture line, and status of smash inner bones were obtained trough MSCT and 3D reconstruction. Some details like fracture were even better than those from autopsy.@*CONCLUSION@#MSCT and 3D reconstruction have some advantages such as in situ reconstruction, easily controlled image and fully conserved evidence. It may be a supplementary method and have a directive function for the biomechanical analysis of traffic accidents.

Effects of seawater immersion on the functions of mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte in hemorrhagic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of seawater immersion on the function of myocardium and hepatocyte mitochondria in experimental hemorrhagic shock rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8 in each group): control group, HSL group (hemorrhagic shock group on land) and HSS group (hemorrhagic shock group in seawater). The hemodynamic parameters, activities of H(+)-ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, the calcium contents in myocardium and hepatocyte mitochondria were measured and the changes of proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hemodynamic indexes and the activities of H+-ATPase, SDH, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in HSS group were significantly lower than those in control group and HSL group (P<0.05). In HSS group the calcium levels in tissue and mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte were elevated significantly compared with control group and HSL group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in proton translocation among three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This investigation demonstrates that seawater immersion can aggravate the conditions of hemorrhagic shock rats.</p>

Gene damages of mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome oxidase of intestinal epithelial cells in hemorrhagic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock on the structure and function of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) encoding cytochrome oxidase genes in intestinal epithelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were used and divided into two groups: hemorrhagic shock group and control group. Hemorrhagic shock model of rats was utilized in this experiment. The mtDNA was extracted from the intestinal epithelial cells and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different primers of cytochrome oxidase (COX I, COX II and COX III). The products of PCR were directly sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hemorrhagic shock could result in the point mutagenesis in mitochondrial genome encoding cytochrome oxidase (COX I and COX II). There were 4, 4, 22, 16, 35 point mutations in COX I from 5545 to 6838 bp in 5 shocked rats. There were five point mutations in COX II from 7191 to 7542 bp at the site of t7191c, t7212c, a7386g, a7483g, c7542g in 1 shocked rat. There was no mutation found in COX III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hemorrhagic shock could significantly induce the damage of the gene of cytochrome oxidase encoded by mtDNA.</p>

Effects of leukocyte depletion filter on canine kidney during cardiopulmonary bypass / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of a reforming leukocyte depletion filter (LDF-1) on the functional and pathologic changes of canine kidney during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).@*METHODS@#Twelve Mongolian dogs were randomly allocated into a control group (no LDF-1, n = 6) or a leukocyte-depleted filter group (LDF-1 placed in venous line, n = 6). CPB of the dogs anestheitized with sodium pentobarbitone at 25 mg/kg was set up. After 10 min of CPB, aorta was clamped and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution at 20 mg/kg was immediately injected into the root of aorta. The aortic cross-clamp was released and CPB was closed at 70 min. Dogs were observed for 2 h after weaning from CPB. LDF-1 was opened at 2 min and stoped at 7 min during initially running CPB in the LDF-1 group. Circulating leukocytes, plasma L-selectin, and plasma IL-8 were respectively counted before CPB, at 10 minutes, 40 min, and 75 min during CPB, the end of CPB, and 2 h after CPB. The urine analysis and renal pathology, which were obtained before CPB and 2 h after CPB, were observed.@*RESULTS@#The number of leukocytes significantly decreased by 55% - 68% in the LDF-1 group compared with the baseline during CPB. The value at 10 min of CPB in the LDF-1 group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of L-selectin and IL-8 obviously increased in the 2 groups compared with the baseline during CPB, but both levels at 2 h after CPB in the LDF-1 group were lower than those in the control group (P <0. 05). No statistic difference was found in plasma levels of urea and creatinine, but hematuria was observed in the 2 groups at 2 hours after CPB. The pathologic changes of kidney, which was mainly renal tubule swelling accompanied partly with vacuolar degeneration, were similar under the light microscope in the 2 groups at 2 h after CPB. Obvious glomerular damage was not found.@*CONCLUSION@#LDF-1 can effectively decrease leukocyte counts and the inflammatory reaction, but it can not bring about excellent protective effect on kidney during CPB when used alone. Attention to should be paid the renal protection in the postoperative CPB.

Mask lift and facial aesthetic sculpturing / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the outcome of the face-lift with a craniofacial contouring procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-seven patients aged 29-53 years (31 in female, 6 in male) were treated through a bicoronal incision. The facial tissue was lifted through a subperiosteal procedure and the facial skeleton was remodeled in three dimensions by osteotomies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results were satisfactory after the 3-12 months of the follow-ups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Face-lift combined with the facial aesthetic sculpturing may be more effective for the aging-face rejuvenating.</p>

Contour changing of forehead / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To bring forward a method to improve the prominence of the forehead contour.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>16 patients(age 29-53 years, female 11, male 5) were treated through a bicoronal incision. Following the incision, the forehead soft tissues are reflected down to the level of the superior orbital rims with the protection to the supraorbital neurovascular bundles. To adjust the forehead contour, both superior orbital rims and frontal bossing was reduced by burring down the excess bone or removing the anterior wall of the forehead.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative effect were satisfactory during 3-12 months of follow-up. No recurrence or osteogenesis were found in the cases. Nasofrontal angle and forehead angle were normal. The prominence of the supraorbital ridges disappeared and forehead became nature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cranioplasty via an osteomy or burring of the outer line of forehead bone are safe, compact and effective way to improve the prominence of the superior orbital rims or frontal bossing.</p>

Changes of proton transportation across the inner mitochondrial membrane and H(+)-ATPase in endotoxic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of proton transportation across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and H(+)-ATPase of hepatocytes in endotoxic shock rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endotoxin from E. Coil of 5.0 mg/kg or saline of 1 ml/kg was injected into the femoral vein. The rats were sacrificed pre-injection and 1, 3, 5, 8 hours after injection, and plasma and liver tissue samples were collected respectively. The liver tissue samples were used for preparation of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMPs). The proton-translocation of SMPs and H(+)-ATPase, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, membrane fluidities of different level of mitochondria membrane and plasma MDA content were assayed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Five hours after E. Coli. O111B4 injection, the maximum fluorescence quenching ACMA after adding ATP, nicotinamide adenin dinucleoacid hydrogen (NADH), and the succinate were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The time of maximum fluorescent quenching and the half time of fluorescent quenching were significantly prolonged (P<0.01), especially when NADH was used as a substrate. (2) The mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity was significantly increased at early stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.05), and significantly decreased at late stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.01). (3) The mitochondrial membrane bound PLA(2) activity, plasmal and mitochondrial MDA content were significantly increased and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of mitochondria decreased markedly in endotoxic shock rats (P<0.05). (4) The mitochondrial membrane fluidity of different lipid regions was decreased, especially in the head of phospholipid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Proton transportation across IMM and mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity are significantly decreased in endotoxic shock.</p>

Protective effect of serum containing Ziqi-liquid on hypoxia reoxygenation damaged intestinal epithelial cell 6 / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the effect of hypoxia reoxygenation on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA content as well as[Ca~(2+)],concentration and mitochondria membrane poten- tial of intestinal epithelial cell-6(IEC-6)in IEC culture medium and explore the protective effect and mechanism of serum containing Ziqi-liquid(a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine)on hypoxia reoxy- genation damaged IEC-6.Methods Hypoxia reoxygenation damage model of IEC-6 was made.SOD activity and MPA content in IEC-6 culture medium were determined by ultraviolet spectrometry after hy- poxia reoxygenation and treatment with Ziqi-liquid.Meanwhile,MMP changes and[Ca~(2+)]concentration were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results After hypoxia reoxygenation,SOD and MMP were significantly decreased,but MDA content and[ Ca~(2+)] concentration significantly increased (P＜0.01),and significantly facilitated by serum containing Ziqi-liquid.Conclusion Hypoxia reoxy- genation can damage IEC-6,but the serum containing Ziqi-liquid has significant protective effect on it.

Clinical study of rhabdomyolysis developed after the training / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: It is important to recognize rhabdomyolysis in clinical settings, because 10~30% of rhabdomyolysis patients develop acute renal failure as a complication and patients with such complication have risk of high mortality. Recently, there have been frequent reports about healthy people who developed rhabdomyolysis after heavy exercise, but few prospective studies on exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis have been reported. METHODS: To evaluate the degree of muscle cell necrosis during the regular combat-police training, we examined the level of creatine kinase, plasma myoglobin and bone scan in 173 combat-police before the training and on fourth day after the training. Average ambient temperature and humidity during the study were 25degrees C and 78%, respectively. RESULTS: From the laboratory findings, 98 out of 173 combat-police were diagnosed as having rhabdomyolysis. Upon regressional analysis, an increase in amount of exercise correlated with the elevation of the levels of plasma creatine kinase and myoglobin. Among variables related to rhabdomyolysis only the levels of myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated. The level of plasma creatinine was elevated along with the elevation of plasma myoglobin. Bone scan not only provided detailed information on the location and degree of muscle cell damage, but also could be of diagnostic value in patients whose creatine kinase had been normalized. CONCLUSION: In people who developed rhabdomyolysis after heavy exercise, the level of plasma creatinine was elevated along with the elevation of plasma myoglobin. So early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and early detection of acute renal failure may be useful with monitoring of plasma myoglobin level.

Analysis of Dietary Factors of Chronic Disease Using a Neural Network / 대한지역사회영양학회지

A neural network system was applied in order to analyze the nutritional and other factors influencing chronic diseases. Five different nutrition evaluation methods including SD Score, %RDA, NAR INQ and %RDA-SD Score were utilized to facilitate nutrient data for the system. Observing top three chronic disease prediction ratio, WHR using SD Score was the most frequently quoted factor revealing the highest predication rate as 62.0%. Other high prediction rates using other data processing methods are as follows. Prediction rate with %RDA, NAR, INQ and %RDA-SD Score were 58.5%(diabetes), 53.5%(hyperlipidemia), 51.6%(diabetes), and 58.0%(diabetes)respectively. Higher prediction rate was observed using either NAR or INQ for obesity as 51.7% and 50.9% compared to the previous result using SD Score. After reviewing appearance rate for all chronic disease and for various data processing method used, it was found that iron and vitamin C were the most frequently cited factors resulting in high prediction rate.

Identification of Dietary Factors Related to Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, and Obesity using Neural Network / 한국역학회지

This study was performed to find out nutritional factors associated with identification of chronic disease using neural network model. A dietary survey with 24-hour recall method was conducted together with a health survey including health qustionnaire, physical examination and glucose tolerance test to 2037 adults over 30 years of age in rural area of Korea. Subjects have been classified into groups with and without disease depending on each disease criteria(groups with desease include those who are newly diagnosed to have diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, respictively). Neural network method has been applied to predict disease using selected 3 nutrients out of 12 nutrient elements as input information and resulting outputs which designate either disease or without disease group. Backpropagation learning algorithm has been applied to train neural network structure assigning weight factors connecting each node. 20 subjects from both disease and without disease group have been collected to train neural network structure and remaining subjects were later used in order to test the validity of the trained structure. In order to quantify contrivution ratio of each nutrients for predictiong disease status, number of appearance frequency of each nutrients in the top 20 prediction rate has been compared. When a nutrient used 10 times for prediction, its appearance rate was calculated to be 50%. vitamin C, vitamin A and iron showed appearance rate of 70%, 40% and 30%, respectively for predicting diavetes. vitain C, Fat and beta-carotene showed appearance rate of 60%, 60% and 40% for predicting hypertension. For predicting hyperlipidemia, appearance rate of vitamin C, iron and energy was 65%, 55% and 30%, respectively. From the study, vitamin C was shown to be prominent in predicting chronic disease groups from subjects.

Effect of phospholipase D on cytoskeieton of glomerular mesangial cells cultured in high glocose / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the changes of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD) enzyme activity of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in high glucose and the effect of PLD on cytoskeleton. Methods Rats GMCs were cultured in high glucose(30 mmol/L) for 48 hours. PLD enzyme activity was measured by enzyme coupled colorimetry. PKC activity was measured by substrate phosphorylation, and fluorescence intensity of F-actin was observed by FITC-labeled antibody and laser scan cofocal microscopy (LSCM) . Results In high glucose, PLD and PKC activities were obviously elevated, but fluorescence intensity of F-actin was decreased and its cytoskeletal pattern was disassembly. After treatment with inhibtor of PLD, PKC activity was significantly decreased, and intensity and organization of F-actin were recovered. Conclusion Elevation of PLD activity induced by high glucose may influence the cytoskeleton and contraction of CMC through PKC pathway.