ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the optimized efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with high volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia for patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: ESPB with high volume (40 ml) of 0.4% ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (E40 group) and ESPB with conventional volume (20 ml) of 0.4% ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (E20 group). Ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed on the operated side before general anesthesia induction in both groups.In E40 group, 0.4% ropivacaine 40 ml was injected.In E20 group, 0.4% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected.Total intravenous anesthesia was applied in both groups.Sufentanil was used for patient-controlled intravenous anesthesia (PCIA) after the end of operation.The PCIA pump was set up with a 2 ml bolus dose (0.04 μg/kg), a 10 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.05 μg·kg -1·h -1.The analgesia lasted for 48 h after operation, and the numeric rating scale (NRS) score was maintained ≤ 3.When NRS score ≥ 4, morphine 5 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia.The onset time of block, intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil, time to first pressing the analgesia pump, the first requirement for morphine and the ratio of patients using morphine within 48 h after surgery were recorded.The cumulative consumption of requirement for opioids (effective pressing dose of analgesic pump+ consumption of requirement for morphine) within 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery and satisfaction with analgesia were recorded.The extubation time, length of ICU stay, the first postoperative off-bed time, the chest tube removal time and duration of stay in hospital were recorded.The incidence of intraoperative adverse events (hypertension and hypotension) and postoperative adverse events (dizziness, nausea and vomiting) were recorded. Results:Compared with E20 group, the onset time of block was significantly shortened, the cumulative consumption of requirement for opioids within 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery was decreased, the ratio of paitents using morphine within 48 h after surgery was decreased, time to first pressing the analgesia pump and the first requirement for morphine were prolonged, satisfaction with analgesia score was increased, and the first postoperative off-bed time and the chest tube removal time were shortened in group E40 ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with ESPB with the conventional volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia, ESPB with the high volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia can reduce the postoperative consumption of opioids, and prolong the duration of effective analgesia, which are helpful for postoperative rapid recovery without increasing the development of adverse events in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic value between digital photography (DR) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2010 to August 2012, the DR and MSCT data of 52 patients with fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle were compared according to results of surgery or discharge diagnosis. There were 37 males and 15 females, aged from 15 to 49 years old. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of 52 cases of MSCT were matched with the postoperative or discharge diagnosis. A total of 172 fractures were found on MSCT and 98 fractures were found on DR, the results had significant difference in detecting fracture (V=1 081, P<0.05); A total of 24 dislocations were found on MSCT and 16 dislocations were found on DR,the results also had significant difference in detecting dislocation (V=21, P<0.05). Fractures of 6 cases with DR diagnosis were corrected and located by MSCT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT is significantly better than DR in diagnosis of fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle. The examination of two parts should be performed in DR. MSCT and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) examination should be further performed if DR results are unclear or do not match with clinical symptoms, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis can be avoided.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ankle Injuries , Diagnostic Imaging , Foot Injuries , Diagnostic Imaging , Fractures, Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Joint Dislocations , Diagnostic Imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Methods , PhotographyABSTRACT
Objective: To study the factors influencing the amplification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) system in Carthamus tinctorius L. and to establish a stable SRAP reaction system, laying a foundation for molecular marker assistant breeding of Carthamus tinctorius L. Methods: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method was used to extract the genomic DNA of Carthamus tinctorius L. Twenty-seven tests with 3 factors at 3 levels were designed, the conditions including Taq polymerase concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06 U/μl). dNTP concentrations (0.15, 0.25, 0.30 mmol/L) and Primer concentrations (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 μmol/L); another 8 tests were designed based on the single factor of Mg2+ concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mmol/ L). Twenty ng DNA template was added into 25 μl SRAP reaction system; the system was optimized and agarose electrophoresis was used for determination. Results: A SRAP reaction system for Carthamus tinctorius L. was established. In a 25 μl reaction system, Taq polymerase was 0.02 U /μl, dNTP was 0.25 mmol/L, Primer was 0.30 μmol/L, and Mg2+ was 3.0 mmol/ L. Target bands increased after optimization, with good reproducibility, and the amplification results were satisfactory. Conclusion: The SRAP reaction system in this experiment is suitable for analysis of Carthamus tinctorius L.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the factors influencing the amplification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) system in Carthamus tinctorius L.and to establish a stable SRAP reaction system,laying a foundation for molecular marker assistant breeding of Carthamus tinctorius L.Methods: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method was used to extract the genomic DNA of Carthamus tinctorius L..Twenty-seven tests with 3 factors at 3 levels were designed,the conditions including Taq polymerase concentrations(0.02,0.04,0.06 U/?l),dNTP concentrations(0.15,0.25,0.30 mmol/L)and Primer concentrations(0.15,0.30,0.45 ?mol/L);another 8 tests were designed based on the single factor of Mg~(2+) concentrations(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5 and 4.0 mmol/L).Twenty ng DNA template was added into 25 ?l SRAP reaction system;the system was optimized and agarose electrophoresis was used for determination.Results: A SRAP reaction system for Carthamus tinctorius L.was established.In a 25 ?l reaction system,Taq polymerase was 0.02 U/?l,dNTP was 0.25 mmol/L,Primer was 0.30 ?mol/L,and Mg~(2+) was 3.0 mmol/L.Target bands increased after optimization,with good reproducibility,and the amplification results were satisfactory.Conclusion: The SRAP reaction system in this experiment is suitable for analysis of Carthamus tinctorius L.