ABSTRACT
Cancer has become an important topic in medicine since it is a major cause of death in the developing countries and it is now only secondary to that of myocardial infraction. Nitrosamines precursors are known to be carcinogenic to humans, in various organs at relatively low levels of exposure. It induces benign and malignant tumors especially liver tumors following its administration by various routes, including ingestion and inhalation. Humans may be exposed to Nitrosamines through the ingestion of food that contains it, such as cured meat products, and smoked fish. Other exposures to Nitrosamines may be from drinking contaminated water and from breathing cigarette smoke and contaminated ambient air. Individual are most likely to be exposed to Nitrosamines in occupational settings such as in the rubber, tannery, fish processing, dyes, and surfactant industries. The prevalence of liver tumors throughout the world makes in imperative to seek chemo preventive agents. Vegetables, natural products of plant origin and numerous non-nutritive dietary constituents have been shown to play a salutary role in cancer chemoprevention. The present study aims to evaluate the chemo preventive efficacy of soy bean and Nigella sativa on hepato-carcinogenesis induced by dibuty1 nitrosamine [DEN]. It could be observed that both soy bean and Nigella sativa have a good effect of amelioration against liver hepatoma induced by nitrosamine. Soy bean more or less showed more prerogative effect than Nigella 9 and 12 months after administration
ABSTRACT
Expression of p16 gene has been reported in cancer cell lines and in certain malignant neoplasm. This gene encodes a protein that functions as a negative cell cycle regulator at G1-S checkpoint. Expression of EGFR has been shown in human cancer and could serve as a target for diagnosis and therapy for malignancy. This study was conducted on a total of 14 benign breast tissues taken as control and 36 breast cancer patients [29 ductal, 7 Iobular]. RT-PCR and ELISA techniques were used for the detection of p16 and EGFR respectively.The results of this work revealed a significant increase of p16 expression was observed in benign breast tissue compared to malignant breast one p<0.001. Also, a significant increase of p16 expression was found in low grade, negative lymph node and in histological subtype ILC. The negative expression of p16 may be categorize the group of breast cancer patients [IDC] with a high grade. The mean level of EGFR expression was 37.3 +/- 3 and 363 +/- 72 fmol/mg protein in benign and malignant breast tissues respectively, which showed a significant increase in tumor tissues, p<0. 001. EGFR level significantly correlated with lymph node positive tumors, and tumor size
In conclusion: p16 and EGFR expression could be used as good criteria for characterizing the patients suffering from breast carcinomas. Farther work is strongly recommended for the possibility of using the previous biochemical parameters for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy for breast cancer