ABSTRACT
The temporal branch of the facial nerve was examined in 8 cadaver dissections [4 right and 4 left]. A number of rami crossing the zygomatic arch and their location with respect to bone and soft-tissue landmarks were estimated. The temporal branch course follows a constant plane along the under surface of the temporoparietal fascia and it was found to be superficial as it crosses the zygomatic arch. Based on these relationships, a safe method of dissection within the temporal region was formulated. In five cases with retromandibular parotid neoplasms, the seventh cranial nerve was located through a retrograde exploration of its temporal branch. The decision to resort to the identification of the temporal branch is supported by its adequate calibre in its peripheral area, short course, and multiple rami crossing the zygomatic arch, which enable it to be easily located. Retrograde or centripetal approach to facial nerve has been found to be anatomically sound, simple to use and safe. It must be indicated when anterograde exploration is difficult
ABSTRACT
The temporal branch of the facial nerve was examined in eight cadaver dissections. Number of rami crossing the zygomatic arch and their location with respect to bone and soft-tissue landmarks were estimated. The temporal branch travelled in a constant plane along the under surface of the temporoparietal fascia and was superficial as it crossed the zygomatic arch. Based on these relationships, a safe method of dissection within the temporal region was formulated. In five cases with retromandibular parotid neoplasms, the seventh cranial nerve was located through retrograde exploration of its temporal branch. The decision to resort to the identification of the temporal branch is supported by its adequate calibre in its peripheral area, short course, and multiple rami crossing the zygomatic arch, which enable it to be easily located. Retrograde or centripetal approach to facial nerve has been found to be anatomically sound, simple to use and safe. It must be indicated when anterograde exploration is difficult
ABSTRACT
The biological effects of ionizing radiation result in the formation of free radicals which are the main cause of cellular damage. The aim of this study is to investigate whether vitamin E [as DL-a-tocopherol acetate] and selenium [as sodium selenate] exert a protective effect against radiation damage. Thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into three equal groups. The first group was served as control. The second group was given a fractionated dose of gamma radiation at a dose of 1 Gy, once weekly for eight weeks. The third group was given a daily intraperitoneal injection of DL-a-tocopherol acetate in a dose of 30mg/kg body weight and sodium selenate in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for two weeks before the start of radiation and during radiation. All experimental animals were then sacrificed and the livers were removed and prepared for both light and electron microscopy. The liver cells of the irradiated group showed granular vacuolar cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei, moderate dilatation and hyperaemia of liver sinusoids, intense glycogen accumulation, an increase and gathering in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, swollen cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a decrease in the cristae of the mitochondria that contain light matrix. In the irradiated treated group, the majority of liver cells returned normal, although some had still mild changes. Based on these morphological observations, it was concluded that the administration of DL-a-tocopherol acetate and sodium selenate exerts a protective effect against liver damage by radiation