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1.
Rev. Soc. Psiquiatr. Neurol. Infanc. Adolesc ; 23(2): 93-103, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677246

ABSTRACT

Resumen. El Síndrome X Frágil (SXF) constituye la causa más frecuente de retraso mental hereditario y autismo. Los individuos con mutación completa (MC) presentan alteraciones clínicas que incluyen: déficit cognitivo y atencional, hiperactividad, autismo y problemas emocionales. Los portadores de premutación (PM) pueden afectarse del síndrome de temblor y ataxia asociado a X frágil (FXTAS); el 30 por ciento de las mujeres con PM presentan insuficiencia ovárica prematura(FXPOI). Cuando un individuo presenta una MC es frecuente encontrar otros familiares afectados. El fenotipo al nacer no es evidente, se sugiere que debe hacerse el diagnóstico entre los35-37 meses, sin embargo, la edad de diagnóstico en Chile es en promedio de 8 +/- 5.8 años. El centro de diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con síndrome X frágil (CDTSXF)es un centro multidisciplinario, que incluye diagnósticos moleculares, genetistas médicos, asesoramiento genético, neurólogos, terapeutas ocupacionales, fonoaudiólogo, evaluaciones nutricionales y psicológicas para las familias afectadas. Desde el año 2010 hemos asistido a 28familias y detectado un número significativo de afectados debido a la detección en cascada. Se ha diagnosticado a 63 probandos, 57 MC y ocho mosaicos de MC/PM. Entre las madres portadoras 37 son PM y dos presentaron una MC. En 9/28 familias había un adulto mayor con FXTAS, diez familias presentaron mujeres con FXPOI. 41/63 probandos han participado denle el protocolo multidisciplinario del CDTSXF. Los resultados de este enfoque multidisciplinario nos motiva a seguir trabajando en mejorar el comportamiento y desarrollo cognitivo de los pacientes y atender las principales necesidades de las familias afectadas.


Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of mental retardation and a leading known cause of autism. Individuals with a full mutation (FM) present disabilities including: cognitive and attention deficit, hyperactivity, autism, and other emotional problems. Carriers of a premutation (PM) may be affected by fragile X associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) in 30 percent of PM women. Therefore, multigenerational family involvement is commonly found when a proband is diagnosed with a FXS mutation. FXS has no obvious phenotype at birth, it is suggested that the diagnosis should be made at 35-37 months; the age of diagnosis in Chile is on average 8+/-5.8 yo. The center for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with fragile X syndrome (CDTTRABAJOMFXS), is a multidisciplinary center that includes molecular testing, medical geneticists, genetic counseling, neurologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and nutritional and psychological interventions to families with an FM proband. Since 2010, we have assisted 28 families with a total of 63 diagnosed probands using specific PCR and Southern blot tests. Among them, 57 had a FM and eight had a mosaic FM/PM. Among the mothers 37 are PM carriers and two presented a FM. An older adult with FXTAS was present in 9/28 families; ten families presented women with FXPOI. A significant number of affected family members have been detected through cascade screening. Among the probands 41 of 63 have received some of the multidisciplinary diagnostic and interventions. The results of this multidisciplinary work allow us to put forward more effort towards improving behavior and cognitive development of patients as well as trying to solve families’ main needs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Patient Care Team , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis , Fragile X Syndrome/therapy , Clinical Protocols , Cognition Disorders , Early Intervention, Educational , Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein , Language Disorders , Mutation , Nutritional Status , Occupational Therapy , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics
2.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 26(3): 163-168, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-669023

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico constituye una de las herramientas imprescindibles para prevenir, detectar y solucionar problemas derivados de la medicación. Dentro de éstos se encuentran las interacciones farmacológicas. Uno de los grupos de pacientes que más preocupación demanda, son los internados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, que debido a su polifarmacia, características fisiológicas y patológicas están más expuestos a presentarlas. Pacientes y métodos: Este estudio evaluó las interacciones farmacológicas reales negativas de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adulto del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke. Resultados: Se analizaron 128 pacientes, de los cuales 38,3 por ciento presentó al menos una de estas interacciones farmacológicas, siendo su desarrollo influenciado por la estadía hospitalaria y el número de medicamentos administrados. Las asociaciones más frecuentes involucradas fueron furosemida/hidrocortisona, noradrenalina/dopamina e insulina/hidrocortisona generando cuadros de hipokalemia, taquicardia e hiperglicemia, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La monitorización y evaluación de interacciones farmacológicas es necesaria para mejorar la seguridad de la farmacoterapia en los pacientes críticos, especialmente en aquellos con estadía hospitalaria mayor de 10 días y con un promedio de administración diaria de 6 o más fármacos.


Pharmacotherapeutic monitoring, nowadays, constitutes one of the indispensable tools to anticipate, detect and solve problems derived from medication. Among these problems, pharmacological interactions can be found. People hospitalized on intensive care units are the most care demanding patient group; due to their polypharmacy, physiological and pathological characteristics they are more likely to be presented. Patients and methods: This research evaluated actual negative pharmacological interactions of the patients that are hospitalized in the adult intensive care units of the hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke. Results: 128 patients were analyzed, of which 38.3 percent presented at least one of these interactions and their development was being influenced by their stay in the hospital and the number of administered medication. The associated medications mainly involved were furosemide/hydrocortisone, noradrenaline/ dopamine and insulin/hydrocortisone, which produced hypokalemia, tachycardia and hyperglycemia conditions respectively. Conclusions: Monitoring and evaluation of drug interactions is needs to improve the safety of pharmacotherapy in critically ill patients, especially those with hospital stay longer than 10 days and an average of daily administration of 6 or more drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Critical Illness , Drug Interactions , Drug Monitoring/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Critical Care/methods , Hospitalization , Drug Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacoepidemiology , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
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