ABSTRACT
Introduction: Placenta previa occurs when a baby's placentapartially or totally covers the mother's cervix or the outlet forthe uterus. The aim of this descriptive retrospective cohortstudy was to identify maternal complications, placentalposition, mode of delivery, management and fetal outcomes inPlacenta Previa (PP) and Morbidly adherent placentaMaterail and methods: Study was conducted in Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pak Red Crescent Medical andDental College (PRCM&DC) Hospital Lahore from June 2017to June 2019. A total of 62 pregnant women were registered.All booked and un-booked mothers with and without historyof previous section with provisional clinical and/or USGdiagnosis of Placenta Previa or MAP.Results: In total, 62 patients with PP were identified 22.58%patients with morbidly adherent placenta were unbooked andother wise are booked. 61.2% patients were the age groupbetween 20-30 years and remaining are more than 30 years. In25.8% type IV placenta previa and same 25.8% are morbidlyadherent placenta and remaining are type I,II &III PP. Placentaprevia, only 6.45% cases were diagnosed in 2nd trimester and93.5% cases were diagnosed in 3rd trimester.Conclusion: Placenta Previa and Morbidly adherent placentaare not a very uncommon condition. Frequency of Incidenceincreases as the rate of cesarean section or abdominal surgerywere increases. Early diagnoses and pre plan mode of deliverywill decrease the risk of low birth weight and low APGARscore infants
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the types, morphology, frequency and risk factors of breast carcinoma in modified radical mastectomy specimens
Design: Cross Sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: In Shaukat Khanum Laboratory Lahore, within 10 months from January 2012 to December 2012
Patients and Methods: By using non probability, convenient sampling technique 90 patients between 30-80 years, who underwent modified radical mastectomy, were recruited in the study from Lahore Medical University. Specimens were taken and fixed in 10% formalin. Gross and microscopic examination was done. To minimize the risk of diagnostic error slides were observed by two Histopathologists from Shaukat Khanum Laboratory Lahore
Results: 35.5% patients with breast carcinoma belonged to 4th to 5th decades, 50% patients [45/90] had carcinoma on right side, 66.6% [60/90] cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 26.6 [24/90] cases were lobular type. Women with positive family history shows 33% [30/90] of breast carcinoma, of these samples 24% [22/90] females gives history of using oral contraceptive, whereas 22% [20/90] of them have positive history of smoking, 20% [n=18] had undergone radiation exposure
Conclusions: Highest frequency of breast cancer was found in 40-50 year old women. Ductal Carcinoma was the most common type. Factors highly associated with breast cancer in local population were found to be Positive family history, Oral Contraceptives and radiation exposure