ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out frequency of obesity in female University students in Faisalabad and to investigate its association with blood groups of ABO system
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 200 female University students, recruited from the Faisalabad based institutes from May 2017 to July 2017. Relevant information was taken by administering questionnaire. Height in meters and weight in kg were taken by stadiometer. BMI was calculated using formula BMI=weight in kg/height m2. Blood groups were determined by classic [antigen-antibody agglutination test].The data was analyzed through SPSS 20. Descriptive were presented as mean+/- SD and association of BMI with blood groups was assessed by regression analysis. P value
Results: Out of students, 192 attempted the questionnaire and participated in study [96% response rate], 30% of the 192 females were obese, distribution of ABO blood group showed 43%, followed by O, A and AB. 90% were Rh positive and 10% were Rh negative. Blood group O showed a trend towards obesity and blood group AB showed a trend towards lean body
Conclusion: The blood group O showed the significant positive association with obesity. Population with blood group O showed greatest susceptibility to be overweight and obese
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cognitive levels of Multiple Choice Questions [MCQs] and Short Answer Questions [SAQs] and types of Item Writing Flaws [IWFs] in MCQs in Medical Pharmacology internal assessment exams
Methods: This descriptive, study was conducted over a period of six months, from December 2015 to May 2016 and evaluated six internal assessment examinations comprising SAQs and MCQs. A total of 150 MCQs and 43 SAQs were analyzed. These questions were administered to third-year medical students in the year of 2015. All SAQs were reviewed for their cognitive levels and MCQs were reviewed for cognitive levels as well as for IWFs. Items were classified as flawed if they contained one or more than one flaw. The cognitive level of the questions was determined by the modified Bloom's taxonomy
Results: The proportion of flawed items out of 150 items in six exams ranged from 16% to 52%. While the percentage of total flawed items was 28%. Most common types of flaws were implausible distractors 19.69% [26], extra detail in correct option 18.18% [24], vague terms 9.85% [13], unfocused stem 9.09% [12] and absolute terms 9.09% [12]. The two-third of MCQs 97[64.67%] were assessing the recall of information, while 29 [19.33%] and 24 [16%] were assessing the interpretation of data and problem-solving skills respectively. The majority of the SAQs [90.7%] were assessing recall of the information and only 9.3% were assessing interpretation of data while none of the questions was assessing the problem-solving skills
Conclusions: The cognitive level of assessment tools [SAQs and MCQs] is low, and IWFS are common in the MCQs. Therefore, faculty should be urged and groomed to design problem-solving questions which are devoid of any flaws
Subject(s)
Humans , Examination Questions , Pharmacology , Wechsler Memory Scale , Problem Solving , Medical WritingABSTRACT
Objective: To assess mid-luteal estradiol [E2] levels in poor and good responders and determine its effect on the outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]
Methods: The current study was carried out in females who underwent ICSI from June 2011 to September 2013 in "Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples". They were categorized into good and poor responders on the basis of female age 5, respectively. Their mid-luteal E2 measured on the day of embryo transfer was stratified into groups [A-E] on the basis of 20th, 40[th], 60[th] and 80[th] percentile values. The outcome was categorized into non-pregnant with beta human chorionic Gonadotrophin [hCG] 5-25 m IU/ml, and clinical pregnancy with beta hCG>25 m IU/ml
Results: The conception rate was 12% [63/513] in poor responders and 72% [237/329] in good responders respectively. The mid-luteal E2 levels were higher in conception as compared to non-conception cycles [p<0.001] in good and poor responders
Conclusion: Maximum pregnancies in poor and good responders [53% and 98% respectively] with mid-luteal E2 levels above 80th percentiles confirm the role of the increase in mid-luteal E2 for augmentation in conception rate of females after ICSI
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Background and Objective: Anemia is a common health problem worldwide. This problem is most commonly faced by 18 to 25 years of females. Medical students especially female hostelites poses high risk of anemia because of their poor eating habits, breakfast skipping, long schedule in college, burden of medical studies, clinical postings, and extra-curricular activities. Therefore the current study was designed to determine the hemoglobin status in young female medical students. We also elucidate its association with BMI
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at The University of Faisalabad during December 2015 to February 2016. A total of 221 female students were recruited by convenient sampling technique. All relevant information about participants was taking by administering structured questionnaire. Participants were categorized as hostelities and day scholars for comparison. Study subjects were also sub grouped on the bases of their BMI. Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and MCHC were estimated at Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS 20
Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 19.92 +/-0.93. 33.4% of the students were found to be anemic. Significantly high number of hostelites [39.2%] were anemic as compared to day scholars [23.1%] [P value= 0.015*]. On analyzing by BMI categories, greater number of underweight subjects was found to be anemic as compared to normal and overweight subjects
Conclusion: Anemia is more prevalent in hostelites as compared to day scholar female medical students which might also affect the efficiency of these students
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Objective: To assess the effectiveness of concept mapping [CM] on the academic performance of medical students' in problem-solving as well as in declarative knowledge questions and their perception regarding CM
Methods: The present analytical and questionnaire-based study was carried out at Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC] Karachi, Pakistan. In this analytical study, students were assessed with problem-solving questions [A-type MCQs], and declarative knowledge questions [short essay questions], and 50% of the questions were from the topics learned by CM. Students also filled a 10-item, 3-point Likert scale questionnaire about their perception regarding the effectiveness of the CM approach, and two open-ended questions were also asked
Results: There was a significant difference in the marks obtained in those problem-solving questions, which were learned by CM as compared to those topics which were taught by the traditional lectures [p<0.001], while no significant difference was observed in marks in declarative knowledge questions [p=0.704]
Analysis of students' perception regarding CM showed that majority of the students perceive that CM is a helpful technique and it is enjoyed by the students. In open-ended questions, the majority of the students commented positively about the effectiveness of CM
Conclusion: Our results indicate that CM improves academic performance in problem solving but not in declarative knowledge questions. Students' perception about the effectiveness of CM was overwhelmingly positive
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Background and objectives: Optimal physical activity is important in attaining a peak bone mass. Physically active women have better bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk as compared to females living a sedentary life. The objective of this study was to compare parameters of bone profile and serum homocysteine levels in physically active and non-active postmenopausal females
Methods:In this cross sectional study postmenopausal females between 50-70 years of age were recruited and divided into two groups: Physically inactive [n=133] performing light physical activity and Physically active [n=34] performing moderate physical activity. Physical activity [in metabolic equivalents], bone mineral density and serum homocysteine levels were assessed. Spearman's rho correlation was applied to observe correlations. Two independent sample t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied to compare groups. P-value
Results:Parameters of bone profile were significantly higher and serum homocysteine levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal females performing moderate physical activity as compared to females performing light physical activity. Homocysteine was not significantly related to T-score and Z-score in both groups
Conclusion:Improving physical activity could be beneficial for improving the quality of bone, decreasing fracture risk and decreasing serum homocysteine levels