ABSTRACT
Com o intuito de obter resultados clínicos cada vez mais precisos nos tratamentos ortodônticos, as novas tecnologias de colagem in- direta têm assumido um papel relevante na Ortodontia. Com o desenvolvimento dos meios de obtenção e manipulação das imagens digitais, surgiu a possibilidade de realizar o planejamento ortodôntico no ambiente virtual, simulando o resultado desejado, bem como o melhor posicionamento dos acessórios ortodônticos nos dentes para atingir esse objetivo. A possibilidade de impressão tridimensional a partir da tecnologia CAD/CAM permitiu que a guia para a transferência dos bráquetes, na colagem indireta, fosse confeccionada diretamente no software após planejamento digital da posição dos mesmos. Atualmente, algumas empresas têm disponibilizado pro- gramas ou ofertado a possibilidade de executar planejamento digital, bráquetes customizados, arcos personalizados e guias para a colagem indireta. Este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão de literatura reunindo informações recentes sobre colagem indireta utilizando o sistema CAD/CAM em relação à precisão de colagem e tempo do tratamento ortodôntico. Conclui-se que a colagem indireta por meio de sistemas CAD-CAM apresenta confiabilidade em relação à precisão do posicionamento dos bráquetes.Em relação ao tempo de tratamento, diversos estudos sugerem que este foi reduzido com o método, porém, a variedade de técnicas e softwares existentes, além da diversidade dos métodos científicos, indicam a necessidade de mais investigações. Apesar disso, a colagem indireta digital tem se mostrado uma opção interessante a ser incorporada ao tratamento ortodôntico.
New indirect bonding technologies have assumed an important role in Orthodontics to obtain increasingly accurate clinical results in orthodontic treatments. With the development of means of obtaining and manipulating digital images, the possibility to carry out orthodontic planning in the virtual environment arose, simulating the desired result, as well as the best positioning of orthodontic accessories on teeth to achieve this goal. The possibility of three-dimensional printing using CAD/CAM technology allowed the guide for the transfer of brackets, in indirect bonding, to be made directly in the software after digital planning of their position. Currently, some companies have made programs available or offered the possibility of executing digital planning, customized brackets, personalized arches and guides for indirect bonding. This article aims to perform a literature review, gathering recent information on indirect bonding using the CAD/CAM system in relation to bonding accuracy and time of orthodontic treatment. It is concluded that the indirect bonding using CAD/CAM systems presents reliability in relation to the precision of the positioning of brackets. Regarding the treatment time, several studies suggest that it was reduced with the method, however, the variety of existing techniques and software, in addition to the diversity of scientific methods, indicate the need for further investigations. Despite this, indirect digital bonding has proved to be an interesting option to be incorporated into orthodontic treatment.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to propose a method of electrodes positioning on the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles for surface electromyographic (sEMG) recordings in order to overcome some known methodological constraints. Methods Fifteen volunteers with normal occlusion participated in two experimental sessions within a 7 day-period. Surface electrodes were placed on two different locations that were based on palpable and individual anatomical references. Surface EMG signals (2000 Hz per channel; A/D: 16 bits; gain: 2000 X; band-pass filter: 20-500 Hz) were recorded under three conditions: mandibular rest position, 30% and 100% of maximum voluntary bite force. Three measurements of maximal bite force were taken by using a force transducer positioned over the lower right first molar region and the highest record was taken into account. The root mean square value was considered for analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), paired t test, and the Bland-Altman method comprised the statistical analyses. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results ICC records for right and left masseter and anterior temporalis muscles at T0 (first sEMG record) and T7 (second sEMG record) intervals were significantly different (p<0.05). The results showed satisfactory to excellent reproducibility of RMS values at rest, MVBF and 30% MVBF, as well as for MVBF in kgf. Conclusion The results showed reliable reproducibility for the sEMG signal recording in masseter and anterior temporalis muscles from the protocols presented and under the three conditions investigated.