Comparison of dietary intake and dietary requirement in post operative adult cardiac surgical patients in ICU

To estimate optimum energy and protein intake and to examine the differences in actual intake versus optimum protein and energy requirement during first three days of patients at surgical ITC of AFIC. A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted by using purposive sampling technique. One hundred patients admitted in adult ITC of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases between periods of 10[th] July to 10[th] December 2013, fulfilling study criteria were included in study sample. Data was collected from hospital records [bedside charts] and food frequency questionnaire [FFQ]. Protein and energy intake on 1[st], 2[nd] and 3[rd] post operative day was calculated and compared with pre- calculated optimum protein and caloric requirement. Mean caloric intake on 1[st] post operative day was 583 k/cal, on 2[nd] post operative day 679 kcal and on 3[rd] post operative day was 820 k/cal which were 70%, 65% and 68% respectively less than the optimum requirement. Whereas mean protein intake was 13 grams on the 1[st] post operative day and 13.2 and 22.3 grams on the 2[nd] and 3[rd] day respectively which was 85%, 83% and 72% less respectively on first, second and third post operative day. The results suggest that the energy and protein intake of patients was below estimated requirements. Attention must be paid to malnutrition and nutrition in general in the hospital wards

comparative study on social and psychological consequences of obesity in working and non working women

Objective: To compare the social and psychological consequences of obesity and overweight on well being of working and non working women

Study Design: It was a community based descriptive study, conducted through cross-sectional approach with comparative characteristics

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Federal Government Schools and residential areas of Rawalpindi cantonment from 02nd April to 27th May, 2009

Subjects and Methods: The study population comprised 200 obese and overweight women of age group 30-45 years: 100 women working in Federal Government Schools and 100 obese non working women residing in Rawalpindi cantonment area. This study sample of 200 obese women was selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through interview on structured and pretested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements [height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and forearm and wrist measurements] were taken by the researchers themselves for the purpose of working out Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Hip Ratio [WHR] and Total Body Fat [TBF]. Chi squared test was employed to determine the association between different variables. P value

Results: The mean total family income of working women was Rs.80381 +/- 43.6' whereas that of non working women was Rs.52431 +/- 39.8. The mean number of children of working women was 2.8 +/- 1.4 and that of non working women was 4.14 6.9 +/- 1.4. The anthropometric data for BMI was 35.7 +/- 2.7 for non working women, while the same for working women was 33.4 +/- 2.8. Psychological data showed that 49% employed female never thought they have something to be proud of. 22% working women and 24% non working women were self conscious, 17% working women and 47% non working women were preoccupied with a desire to be thinner. 89% working women and 81% non working women did not go out on social occasion merely because they felt bad about their shape. 64% of working and 51% of non working women had a desire to have weight within normal limits

Conclusion: Significant differences in the prevalence of image dissatisfaction and self esteem were observed among the two groups. Employment status was found to be a protective factor for psychological wellbeing and especially body image in obese females. There is dire need for halting and reversing the upward trends of obesity