ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of hepatic steatosis by ultrasonography in diabetics and compare with non-diabetics
Material and methods: this case-control study was carried out in a private clinic at Hyderabad, Sindh - Pakistan, on 100 patients out of which 50 were known diabetics and 50 were controls. Liver ultrasound findings were studied in both study groups
Results: bright liver was shown in 20 [40%] diabetics out of which 12 were females and 8 were males. Control group showed bright liver in 15 [30%] out of which 6 were males and 9 were females. Focal/patchy infiltration was seen in 4 [16%] of diabetic men and 5 [20%] of diabetic women, whereas control group showed patchy infiltration in 10 [20%] patients, equals in males and females. In addition peri-portal fibrosis was found in 4 males and 6 females in the diabetic group. Liver biopsy/CT-scan confirmed the sonographic findings
Conclusion: ultrasonography is a cost effective and non-invasive procedure to diagnose steato-hepatitis. It is readily available and the results are comparable to other invasive and or expensive diagnostic tools
ABSTRACT
Recurrent ischemic strokes are common and often fatal. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Cigarette smoking have been recognized as modifiable risk factors for first ever stroke. This study aims to determine the frequency of these risk factors in recurrent ischemic stroke. It was a cross sectional analytical study carriedout at Medical Unit I, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. 50 patients of both genders, and between ages of 14-80 years, admitted with diagnosis of CT scan confirmed acute ischemic stroke and whose medical history and CT scan [previous or recent showing old ischemic infarct consistent with neurological deficit] confirmed that there was a prior ischemic stroke, were enrolled for the study. All patients admitted in one year meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed according to the questionnaire for three selected variables, namely, Hypertension, Diabetes and Cigarette smoking. Average age of patients was 61.4 +/- 8.01 years. There were 64% males. Hypertension was found to be a risk factor in 76% of patients while Cigarette smoking and Diabetes in 42% and 36% of Patients respectively. A combination of Hypertension and Diabetes was seen in 18% while Hypertension and Smoking were found in 22% simultaneously. Among the three factors analyzed, data revealed a significant effect of Hypertension in recurrent ischemic stroke as compared with Diabetes mellitus and Cigarette smoking. Combination of Hypertension and Diabetes and Hypertension and Smoking are the commonly occurring co-morbidities in patients with recurrent stroke
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Recurrence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , SmokingABSTRACT
Introduction: Non-thyroid illness is accompanied with many severe illnesses like septicemia, renal failure, cirrhosis of liver, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, chronic heart failure, after major surgical trauma, etc. This study was undertaken on first four illnesses, which are common medical problems, and admitted in medical wards in advanced stages. This is to bring awareness amongst clinicians while interpreting TFT abnormalities in severe illnesses
Objective: To assess the thyroid function status in patients with severe illnesses, which are commonly encountered in Medical wards. Interpretation of Thyroid hormones should be cautiously made in such conditions. Design: Descriptive/Observational, Non-interventional study Place and Duration of Study: Medical unit III, Civil Hospital, Karachi. From 1[st] March 2001 to 1[st] April 2002. The cases were recorded as and when received, keeping exclusion criteria as mentioned below
Material and Methods: 50 adult patients of either sex, admitted in the hospital for nonthyroidal illness were tested for the thyroid function status by means of T3, T4 and TSH analysis. Results were evaluated for the presence of Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
Results: Of the 50 patients, 24 [48%] had a low T3, low T4 or both but with normal TSH
Conclusion: Sick Euthyroid Syndrome should be considered while managing the patients with serious and debilitating illnesses
ABSTRACT
SAAG [serum ascitic albumin gradient], is a liable index of portal hypertension and correlates directly with pressure gradient between portal capillaries and peritoneal cavity. Calculation of SAAG is simple and the procedure can be done safely in in-patients as well as out patients. It was a cross-sectional comparative study, of 6 months duration conducted in Medical unit I of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. There were 50 patients of ages between 15 and 70 years with ascites secondary to chronic liver disease. All patients were investigated for presence of portal hypertension both by detecting portal vein diameter on ultrasound and serum ascitic albumin gradient. Thirty seven [74%] out of 50 patients had portal hypertension on basis of serum ascitic albumin gradient while ultrasound of portal vein confirmed portal hypertension in 35 [70%] patients. Serum ascitic albumin gradient was found 97.14% sensitive in detecting portal hypertension. Serum ascitic albumin gradient is a reliable marker to differentiate ascites into portal hypertensive and non- portal hypertensive etiology