ABSTRACT
To find out the patterns of changes in Intraocular Pressure [IOP] with changes in body position, both in the sitting and lying position. This descriptive study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from October 2010 to March 2011. All the individuals who voluntarily consented were included in the study. These include individuals without any eye pathologies, glaucomatous eyes, eyes with cataract and both hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals. While all the individuals who have any corneal pathologies, uveitis, detachment, post operative and post lasered eye were excluded from the study. All the patients were examined with slit lamp. Then Per kins' hand-held applanation tonometer was used to measure the IOP both in the sitting and lying position. The proforma was then filled and data was analyzed by using SPSS v.17. A total of 100 volunteers were included in our study while total number of eyes were two hundred. The mean age of the sample was 49 +/- 15.4 years. There were 110[55%] males and 90[45%] females. Hypertension was present in 50[25%] patients and all of them were taking ant ihyper tensive medications. Thirty five [17.5%] were diabetic and were also on medications. The mean IOP in the sitting position was 13.28 +/- 3.6 mmHg and in lying position it was 16.4 +/- 3.9 mmHg. The difference between lying and sitting position was 3.12 +/- 0.3 mmHg [p<0.001]. A postural IOP change can occur when an individual changes its position from sitting to supine position. Intraocular pressure increases in the lying position as compared to the sitting position
ABSTRACT
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE] is a fatal infectious neurodegenerative disease in cattle, characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal, proteaseresistant prion protein [PrPSc] in the brain. BSE is similar to scrapie in sheep and goats and Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. Susceptibility in cattle has been shown to be under the influence of two polymorphic locations, which are a 23 bp in/del polymorphism and a 12 bp indel within intron 1 of the prion protein gene [PRNP]. DNA was extracted from blood samples of three Iranian cattle populations including Sistani [Bos indicus] [n=60], Golpayegani [Bos indicus] [n=62] and Iranian Holstein [Bos taurus] [n=50], In order to identify the putative polymorphisms of the PRNP gene of those breeds. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of the polymorphisms were determined for the three populations. Susceptibility analysis was considered as per literature, upon which, it was suggested that the two Bos indicus native populations are more resistant to BSE than the Iranian Holstein [Bos taurus], due to higher gene frequency for insertion allele of the intron 1 of the PRNP gene polymorphism