ABSTRACT
Background:Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia and disturbancesof carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor strongly linked to cardiovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hcy requires 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as methyl donor and vitamin B12 as a co-factor. So, Vitamin B12 deficiency will lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Biochemical and clinical vitamin B12 deficiency has been demonstrated to be highly prevalent among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Aims:To assess the serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.Methodology: The present case control study was conducted at Dhiraj hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India in which 80 subjects were enrolled, out of which 40 were cases of type 2 diabetes mellituspatients and 40 were controls. The age group for the study was 35 to 70 years. Blood samples were drawn to measure RBS, HbA1c, serum homocysteine and vitamin B12. Interpretation of data was done using Medcalc software.Results: The mean levels of serum homocysteine was higher in T2DM patients than normal healthy individuals, difference between them was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The mean levels of vitamin B12 was lower in T2DM patients than normal healthy individuals, difference betweenthem was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). There is no correlation found between Homocysteine, vitamin B12 & HbA1c.Conclusion: A significant increase in serum Hcy level was observed in T2DM patients in our study. Raised serum Homocysteine is considered as an early marker of B12 deficiency. Hyperhomocysteinemia will lead to cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the hyperhomocysteinemia could serve as another important marker of poor diabetic control and developing complications.
ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women at reproductive age and is characterized by infertility, hirsutism, obesity, insulin resistance, and menstrual irregularities. Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, serves as a link relaying metabolic signals to the neuronal networks in the brain to modulate hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. Circulating leptin correlates strongly with obesity, which isfrequently associated with PCOS. PCOS is associated with hyperandrogenemia and relatively high estrogen levels, which could stimulate prolactin secretion.Aims: 1.To assess serum leptin and prolactin in women with PCOS and to compare them with healthy women as controls. 2. To correlate the leptin, prolactin and body mass index(BMI) among a group of PCOS women and healthy women as controls. Methodology: The study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Bangalore. A comparative study was conducted which includes 30 women who has diagnosed with PCOS and 30 healthy women with as controls. The age group for the study was 18 to 35 years. Fasting blood samples were drawn to measure serum leptin and prolactin. BMI was also calculated. Interpretation of data was done using SPSS version 13.Results:Significant positive correlations between leptin levels and BMI in cases and controls (ρ= 0.683, p < 0.001; ρ= 0.485, p = 0.007 respectively) were observed. Mean BMI, leptin and prolactin were found elevated in the PCOS women compared to controls but they were not statistically significant. No significant correlation was found between leptin and prolactin.Conclusion: Leptin levels were correlated with BMI both in PCOS women and in the healthy controls. Leptin may not have a direct role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, as the serum levels were not significantly higher in PCOS women and did not correlate with prolactin.