The effect of adding dexamethasone to intracuff lidocaine 2% on decreasing the respiratory complications after general anesthesia: a randomized, double blind, clinical trail.

Postoperative sore throat and other airway morbidities are common and troublesome after endotracheal intubation general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to intracuff lidocaine on decreasing the respiratory complications after general anesthesia. In a retrospective study, 207 patients that were under general anesthesia and scheduled for tracheal intubation, randomly divided to four groups based on endotracheal tube cuff filling (48 patients with air (group A), 52 patients with lidocaine 2% (group L), 54 patients with dexamethasone 4mg (group D) and 53 patients with lidocaine 2% plus dexamethasone 4mg (group LD)). Chi-square test used to compare two categorical variables or T-test for to compare the means in two variables. P-value<0.05 was statistically significant. There was significant different for heart rate between group D and group LD compared to group A. Therefore, heart rate in group d and group LD was lower than group A. There was significant different for sore throat between group D and group L with group A, group L and group LD with group D and also group L with group LD. Therefore, sore throat in group LD was higher than other groups and group L was lower than other groups (P<0.05). Lidocaine alone has maximum of pain relief in the patients and dexamethasone alone inside endotracheal tube cuff increases pain. Dexamethasone added to intracuff lidocaine has no beneficial effect on decreasing the respiratory complications after general anesthesia.

Comparison Of ER-Positive Versus ER-Negative In Breast Cancer Women And Invasive Ductal Carcinoma In The West Of Iran: A Direct Correlation With Vascular Invasion.

Background & Objective: ER expression is the main indicator of potential responses to endocrine therapy, and approximately 70% of human breast cancers are hormone-dependent and ER-positive. The aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between risk factors with ER status in breast cancer patients in the West of Iran. Methodology: In a retrospective study, 260 breast cancer women were included invasive ductal carcinoma our Clinic. A sufficient sample size was selected from any patient, and the slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) method. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were defined as ≥10% positive tumor cells with nuclear staining. Chi-square test and T-test were used to analyze the significance of correlation between the expression of ER and other parameters. Results: The patients were divided into two groups (156 patients with ER-positive group and 104 patients with ER-negative group). There was a significant difference between histological grade, nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and vascular invasion and also tumor markers of HER2, PR, P53 expression with ER status. Based on binary logistic regression analysis, in patients with ER-positive, more patients had vascular invasion and PR-positive, but P53 was negative. Conclusion: There was a direct correlation between vascular invasion and PR, with ER status and a reverse correlation between p53 with ER status.

Non-hematological Adverse Events of Imatinib in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP).

The aim of this study is survey of effects of Imatinib with dose 400 mg per day after 6 months in the patients with CML chronic phase. Between of 2010 - 2014, fifty four patients with high risk CML referred to Taleghani hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. We used the questionnaire about adverse events (AEs) of Imatinib capsule (Cipla manufacture, India) in these patients. For grading AEs, We used Common Terminology Criteria for AEs (CTCAE) manuscript (low AE equals grade 1, 2: high AE equals 3, 4 and grade 5 is optional) that diagram related to them was plotted with Excel 2007 software. 54 patients that referred to hospital, 27 patients were female and 27 patients were male. Mean of age for the patients was 45.7 ± 13.8 years (range, 23 to 78 years). Fatigue, (66.7%), myalgia (61.6%), joint pain (61.6%) and cramp (57.4%) are the most AEs in the patients after treatment of Imatinib. In the future studies we should evaluate non-hematological AEs for Imatinib in a lot of CML patients and apply to CTCAE manuscript exactly.

Chemical composition of the essential oil from kelussia odoratissima mozaff. and the evaluation of its sedative and anxiolytic effects in mice

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic effects of the essential oils and hydroalcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (K. odoratissima) in mice by utilizing an elevated plus maze. The chemical composition of its essential oil was also determined. METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction from this plant were administered intraperitoneally to male mice at various doses 30 min before testing. The anxiolytic and sedative effects were determined by an elevated plus maze and locomotor activity tests, respectively. RESULTS: According to the results, none of the administered doses of hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction of K. odoratissima changed the percentage of the time spent or number of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In contrast, the cumulative spontaneous locomotor activity of mice treated with the essential oil or hydroalcoholic extract was significantly decreased. Chemical analysis of the essential oil by Gas chromatography-mass spectromentry (GC-MS) showed that 3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide (85.9 percent) was the major component. CONCLUSION: These data confirm the sedative properties of K. odoratissima, yet there were no profound anxiolytic effects observed.