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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of pelvic MRI for assessment of the cervical involvement in endometrial cancer. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from January 2014 to December 2015
Methodology: Patients with biopsy-proven endometrial cancer were included, who had both their MRI and histopathological diagnosis performed at our institution. Those patients treated with chemo/radiotherapy or had incomplete medical records, were excluded. The extent of cervical involvement by endometrial carcinoma was seen on T2WI images, and findings were correlated after surgery taking histopathology as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were calculated
Results: The mean age of the 56 patients was 60.87 +/-8.80 years [range 37-84 years]. The most common clinical indication was post-menopausal bleeding [n=37, 66.1%]. The most common histological subtype was endometrioid adenocarcinoma [n=50, 89.3%]. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of MRI in the detection of cervical invasion were 92.85%, 88.09%, 89.28%, 72.22% and 97.36%, respectively
Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for detection of cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma
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Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT scan in detecting paranasal sinus fungal infections
Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, from April to September 2014
Methodology: Patients with clinical suspicion of fungal sinusitis were included in this study. Patients with already diagnosed or history of recurrent fungal infections were excluded. All these patients underwent CT scan examination of paranasal sinuses. Findings were recorded. Final diagnosis was based on smear analysis for fungal culture. Accuracy analysis was conducted for CT diagnosis using smear analysis as the gold standard. Kappa analysis was conducted to determine agreement
Results: Out of the 120 patients, 71 [59%] were male. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CT were 96.19%, 93.33%, 99.01%, 77.77%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 95.83%. Kappa statistics showed 82% agreement beyond chance
Conclusion: CT scan is highly accurate in diagnosing and characterizing fungal infection of paranasal sinuses. It also determines the extent of disease which eventually aids in deciding the surgical approach to be used
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Objectives: This study was designed to find out the occurrence of dental caries among the patients visiting Islam Dental College Hospital Sialkot
Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study
Place and Duration of study: This study was carried out at Islam Dental College Hospital, Sialkot from 1[st] September 2015 to 30[th] December 2015
Materials and Methods: The study consisted of Oral Examination of 1008 Patients [526 males and 482 females] in the diagnostic department. Dentition status and treatment need [WHO 1997] method was used to assess the caries of patients. Mouth mirror and probes were used to examine the patients
Results: The results showed that there were 52% male and 48% females. Of the total patients seen, 44.4 % patients showed presence of dental caries which was higher in males [p<0.05], in the mandibular arch in both sexes and in posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth. In both the sexes, second molar teeth were affected more
Conclusion: Present study shows that the dental caries a common disease affecting both male and female and more prevalent in posterior teeth compared to other teeth. Health professionals and dentists need to educate communities regarding the risk factors of dental caries and also give proper hygiene instructions
ABSTRACT
Obturation of root canal is an important step in root canal therapy. Gutta percha is the most commonly used material to fill the root canal for obturation. In this study composites ofgutta percha with 10% hydroxyapatite [HA] and polyurethane [10% and 20%] were investigated to find out their adhesion and bond strength with root dentin after 7 days. Extracted human teeth were used for this study and in vitro root canal obturation was done. After filling the samples were immersed separately in deionised water solution. Push out test and scanning electron microscopy [SEM] was done to find out the adhesion and bond strength of these materials. Push out test and SEM evaluation of these obturating materials showed that gutta percha had maximum bond strength, where as gutta percha with 10% hydroxy apatite had minimum bond strength as compared to other bioactive materials used in this study. Polyurethane composite with 20% HA was next to gutta percha in terms of its bond strength followed by polyurethane with 10% HA. Gutta percha obturating material proved to be the best regarding adhesion and bonding with the root dentin but polyurethane [with 10% and 20% HA] also looked promising.
Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Gutta-Percha , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Dental Pulp Cavity , Dental Bonding , Durapatite , Polyurethanes , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Computed Tomography [CT] in patients with neck and mediastinal lymphoma and correlate with gold standard histopathology results. Period: This study was conducted during six months period extended from March 2013 to September 2013. Setting: Department of diagnostic radiology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi
Methodology: A total of 366 patients presenting with sign and symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss or having any swelling in the cervical region were included and CT was performed; regardless of scan result suggestive of either presence or absence of lymphoma; patients were followed and histopathological findings of each patient was collected and recorded on Performa. Other demographic variables were also obtained and data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] -17
Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value as well as accuracy of computed tomography in the detection of neck andmediastinal lymphoma were found to be 75%, 89.9%, 59.2, 94.8% and 87.4% respectively. For patients with 10 months duration of disease, the accuracy of CT scan was observed as 84.7% and 93.6% respectively
Conclusion: CT scan is cross-section modality of choice for evaluating patients with suspected malignant tumors. CT is readily available and has high accuracy in distinguishing a mass compared with other tumors
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Objective:To find out the adhesion and bond strength of composites of guttapercha with 10% hydroxyapatite [HA] and polyurethane [10% and 20% HA] immersed in phosphate buffer saline [PBS] solution with root dentin
Materials and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2010 August 2010 at the Department of Material Sciences, Queen Mary College of Engineering London, UK. Extracted human teeth were used for this study and in vitro root canal obturation was done. After filling the samples were immersed in Phosphate Buffer Saline [PBS] solution.Push out test and scanning electron microscopy [SEM] was done to find out the adhesion and bond strength of these materials
Results: Guttapercha had maximum bond strength,where as guttapercha with 10% hydroxyapatite had minimum bond strength compared to other bioactive materials used. Polyurethane composite with 20% HA was next to guttapercha in terms of its bond strength followed by polyurethane with 10% HA
Conclusion:Guttapercha obturating material proved to be the best obturating material but polyurethane [with 10% and 20% HA] also looked promising and it should be further tested and investigated for future use as choice of obturating material with enhanced properties
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Objective: To determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the male and female haematophagous caprine worms, Haemonchus contortus infecting Capra hircus, and their E/S products and also to analyse the effect of Haemonchus infection on the level of host SOD. Methods: The SOD activity was analysed by using the pyrogallol autoxidation assay and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by specific enzyme staining by riboflavin-nitroblue tetrazolium method. Results: The adult females were found to have higher enzyme activity than the male worms. Appreciable amount of SOD activity was also detected in the worm culture medium and female worms secreted more SOD in comparison to the male parasites. The SOD activity was negatively correlated to the worm burden. Statistically significant decrease in SOD activity (P Conclusions:Haemonchus contortus is a key model parasite for drug and vaccine discovery. The presences of SOD activity in appreciable amount in the parasite as well as its E/S products indicate that it has a well-developed active antioxidant system to protect itself from the host immune attack. SOD could be the target for vaccine development which is the need of the hour as mass drug administration for parasite control has resulted in anthelmintic resistance across the globe and threatens the viability of sheep and goat industry in many regions of the world. The infection with Haemonchus causes a drastic reduction in SOD activity of the host tissue thus effecting its protective potential. One characteristic SOD band was found in the females which was not present in any other preparations and thus could be exploited for further studies on diagnostic/control measures.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the male and female haematophagous caprine worms, Haemonchus contortus infecting Capra hircus, and their E/S products and also to analyse the effect of Haemonchus infection on the level of host SOD. Methods: The SOD activity was analysed by using the pyrogallol autoxidation assay and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by specific enzyme staining by riboflavin-nitroblue tetrazolium method. Results: The adult females were found to have higher enzyme activity than the male worms. Appreciable amount of SOD activity was also detected in the worm culture medium and female worms secreted more SOD in comparison to the male parasites. The SOD activity was negatively correlated to the worm burden. Statistically significant decrease in SOD activity (P<0.05) was observed in the heavily infected host tissue in comparison to the control non-infected host tissue. SOD profile of the crude extracts of both the sexes revealed polymorphism and a fast migrating activity band being characteristic of E/S products. The SOD activities were found highly sensitive to potassium cyanide indicating the Cu/Zn form of SOD. Conclusions: Haemonchus contortus is a key model parasite for drug and vaccine discovery. The presences of SOD activity in appreciable amount in the parasite as well as its E/S products indicate that it has a well-developed active antioxidant system to protect itself from the host immune attack. SOD could be the target for vaccine development which is the need of the hour as mass drug administration for parasite control has resulted in anthelmintic resistance across the globe and threatens the viability of sheep and goat industry in many regions of the world. The infection with Haemonchus causes a drastic reduction in SOD activity of the host tissue thus effecting its protective potential. One characteristic SOD band was found in the females which was not present in any other preparations and thus could be exploited for further studies on diagnostic/control measures.
ABSTRACT
Fluoride contaminated drinking water is a global problem affecting more than 25 nations and over 200 million people globally. The present study was aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of certain areas of Lahore [Manga Mandi, Ali Razaabad, Nawab town, Patoki, Multan road, Judicial colony, Dubai town, Mustafa town] and its relationship to dental fluorosis. A total of 300 patients with dental fluorosis were seen and dental fluorosis was observed using Dean's index. Forty eight samples of drinking water from the patients presenting clinical dental fluorosis were collected randomly. Fluoride concentration in the drinking water was determined through the courtesy of Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources [PCRWR] using SPADNS method and fluorosis was determined by using Dean's index. The results show that all the patients with dental fluorosis were living in areas where fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.27 ppm to 7.4 ppm. It was concluded that dental fluorosis seen in patients was directly proportional to the fluoride concentration in their drinking water. This indicates that dental fluorosis is the result of high fluoride in the body and it can affect teeth, bones as well as other tissues resulting in serious illness. It should be taken seriously by the concerned authorities to save humanity from the detrimental effects of fluoride. Serious measures are needed for providing clean drinking water to inhabitants of the area