ABSTRACT
Free radicals are partially reduced form of metabolites of Nitrogen and Oxygen. These are highly reactive and potentially toxic compounds which are contributing factors in different chronic disease. The present study was aimed to determine antioxidant capability and reducing ability of coded polyherbal capsules [Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2]. DPPH [2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl] assay is most commonly used method for gauging antioxidant capability of natural compounds. In this assay DPPH act as stable free radical which react with an antioxidant. For measuring reducing ability suspected antioxidant react with ferric tripyridyltriazine [Fe3 +/- TPTZ] complex and convert ferric into ferrous. Results are evident that both capsule formulations Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2 have promising antioxidant activity and reducing potential. Antioxidant potential of both coded capsules with varied concentrations [10, 50 and 100 microg/ml] were compared and in both cases scavenging activity and as well as reducing ability raised in a dose dependent manner just like standard Butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA]
ABSTRACT
The contemporary work describes a rapid and cost effective reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography [RP-HPLC] method for the quantification of Captopril, Lisinopril and Dexibuprofen [DXP] simultaneously in dosage formulations, active pharmaceutical ingredients and human serum. The chromatographic system included LC-20A pump, Sil-20A auto sampler and SPD-20A UV/visible detector. The estimation was carried out by using a C[18] [5micro m, 250 ×4.6 mm] column with mobile phase methanol: water [80:20 v/v, pH 3.0] at 230 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min[-1]. The retention time of Dexibuprofen was 5.4 min while that of Captopril and Lisinopril were found to be 3.2 and 1.8 minutes respectively. There was no considerable variation exists in between the tested drug spiked in serum and the extent recovered, without interference of serum in concurrent approximation. The method developed was found to be precise, selective and validated for precision, linearity, specificity, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. There is no such method reported earlier for the determination of ACE Inhibitors and DXP simultaneously. The present study helps in assessing the co-administration of both drugs in treatment and can be employed for quality control analysis and drug-drug interaction studies
ABSTRACT
Enzyme inhibition is a significant part of research in pharmaceutical field in view of the fact that these studies have directed to the innovations of drugs having remarkable performance in diverse physiological conditions. The present study was aimed to assess urease and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of weight reducing tablets. For evaluating the urease activity indophenol method was employed using Thiourea as the model urease inhibitor. The lipoxygenase inhibition was evaluated by measuring the hydroperoxides produced in lipoxygenation reaction using a purified lipoxygenase with lionoleic acid as substrate. When formulation of the weight reducing tablets was compared at various concentrations [50, 100 and 500microg/ml]. The antiurease activity and lipoxygenase inhibition activity increased in a dose dependent manner. The formulations under test have an excellent antiurease and lipoxygenase inhibition potential and prospective to be used in the cure of a variety of complications associated with the production of urease and lipoxygenase enzymes
ABSTRACT
Antioxidants are used as an influential counteractive measure in opposing the generation of reactive oxygen species. The current study was carried out to investigate antioxidant potential and reducing capability of developed weight reducing tablet formulation. When tablets were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 micro g/ml, antioxidant activity improved in a dose depending way just similar to standard Butylated hydroxyl anisol [BHA]. For evaluation of reducing ability the formulation under test evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500micro g/ml and it was observed that formulation contain good reducing capability and possess considerable activity to scavenge super oxide radicals. In-vitro analysis of weight reducing tablets formulation showed considerable antioxidant and reducing capacity that will be supportive in averting the development of a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases
ABSTRACT
The current randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of Entoban for treating patients of chronic diarrhea. The study enrolled 150 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, among them 95 were males and 55 were females. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Metronidazole tablets [400 mg] were used in a control group for 7-10 days. The test group received Entoban capsule 400mg every 8 hours for five days. Primary outcome of the study was daily bowel frequency evaluation; the secondary outcome was evaluation of clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, distention, stool consistency and sensation of incomplete evacuation. The study is registered at [https://register.clinicaltrials.gov] having registration number NCT02642250. In an intention-to treat [ITT] analysis, it has been observed that 39[84.78%] in test group and 37[78.72%] in control group showed complete improvement. Participants in the test group exhibited a marked reduction in symptoms; the symptom score was decreased from 3 [maximum] to 1 [minimum] or 0 [absent] in most of participants. Major difference was observed regarding side effects reported between two treatment groups [p value <0.0001]. Entoban possesses considerable therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of chronic diarrhea analogous with the conventional Metronidazole therapy
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the quantitative estimation of biomarkers gallic acid and berberine in polyherbal formulation Entoban syrup. Methods: High performance thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of gallic acid and berberine employing toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol 12:9:4:0.5 (v/v/v/v) and ethanol: water: formic acid 90:9:1 (v/v/v), as a mobile phase respectively. Results: The R
ABSTRACT
An innovative, selective and rapid reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic [RP-HPLC] method for the analysis of cefadroxil in bulk material and oral solid dosage forms has been developed and validated. The Chromatographic system consisted of Sil-20A auto sampler, LC-20A pump and SPD-20A Uv/visible detector. The separation was achieved by C[18] column at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: Phosphate buffer [10: 90] at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The method is reproducible, repeatable [%RSD for intra-day and inter-day ranged between 1.75-5.33% and 0.58-2.69%] and linear [R[2]=0.9935]. The LOD and LOq of the method were 0.5 and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. The present RP-HPLC method was found to be sensitive, accurate, precise, rapid and cost effective that can be efficiently used in QC/QA laboratories for routine analysis of the raw materials as well as oral dosage formulations of cefadroxil
ABSTRACT
In this study, occurrence of adverse drug reactions in female patients receiving chemotherapy were analyzed. Various drugs prescribed for cancer patients for compensation of these adverse reactions were also noted. Study was conducted on 83 female cancer patients selected randomly from a recent record of six months in KIRAN [Karachi Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine] hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Only those cases were selected in which patients received at least three cycles of cancer chemotherapy. The collected reports were analyzed for patients' data, drug details, causality, preventability and severity of adverse effects. Causality was assessed by the World Health Organization [WHO] causality assessment scale. Preventability and severity of ADRs were assessed by Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale. Out of n=83 females, n=55 [66.26%] females were married. Majority belonged to lower socioeconomic class [n=64, 77.10%]. In the 40-49 years age group 30.12% [n=25] adverse drug reactions [ADRs] were seen whereas 26.50% [n=22] ADRs in 50-59 years of age and 25.30% [n=21] ADRs in 30-39 years of age group were observed. The cases observed were of breast cancer [n=52, 62.65%], ovarian cancer [n=l4, 16.86%], Gl Cancer [n=8, 9.63%], and others that include head and neck cancer [n=3, 3.61%], lymphomas [n=3, 3.61%], sarcomas [n=2, 2.40%] and mass on chest wall [n=l, 1.20%]. In general, the common adverse effects observed were neutropenia/pancytopenia/anemia [n=64, 77.10%], alopecia [n=51, 61.44%], nausea and vomiting [n=39, 46.98%], fatigue/anorexia [n=26, 31.32%], mouth sores [n=21, 25.30%], fever and chills [n=20, 24.09%] and diarrhea [n=12, 14.45%]. According to the three scales employed for ADRs assessment i.e. [WHO] causality assessment scale, Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale for preventability and severity of ADRs, the results are in close agreement with each other with respect to occurrence and severity of the ADRs. A number of ADRs are observed in various cancer patients receiving chemotherapy indicating high need of ADR monitoring and reporting. The problem of under-reporting of ADRs is a big issue and must not be overlooked
ABSTRACT
Fast Disintegrating Tablets [FDTs] is a rapidly growing dosage form preferred for special population (pediatric, geriatric and psychotic patients]
It is also developed with the aim of improving bioavailability and patient compliance
During the present study, cefadroxil fast disintegrating tablets formulations [n=9] were designed and optimized by central composite design with two independent variables [croscarmellose and crospovidone] using design expert® software
The effects of independent variables on formulation properties such as friability, hardness, in vitro dispersion and disintegration were assessed by drawing response surface graphs with design expert® software. Tablets were assessed for pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial parameters to ensure the quality of compressed tablets
Among all formulations, F3, F8 and F9 have shown better results. The formulation F9 containing 15mg croscarmellose and !l075mg crospovidone showed good pharmacotechnical attributes as well as shelf life. F 9 showed improved dissolution with t90o/0 of> 2 min and will lead to better bioavailability