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Objective: To determine the temporal patterns of cumulative incidence of brucellosis using autoregressive integrated moving average models. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed yearly and monthly data of 1 117 laboratory-confirmed human brucellosis cases from January 2013 to December 2018 using the Yazd brucellosis national surveillance system. The monthly incidences constructed a timeseries model. The trend of cumulative incidence was perceived by tracing a line plot, which displayed a seasonal trend with periodicity. Thus, the ARIMA models were selected. Thereafter, Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values among different models indicated a preferable model from models which were expanded by diverse lags [(3, 0, 3), (2, 0, 3), (3, 0, 2), (4, 0, 3) and (3, 0, 4)]. Then, the achieved ARIMA model was applied to the forecasting cumulative incidence of monthly brucellosis incidences. All analyses were performed using Stata, version 11.2. Results: For the ARIMA (3, 0, 4) model, MAPE value was 56.20% with standard error 0.009-0.016, and white noise diagnostic check (Q=19.79, P=0.975) for the residuals of the selected model showed that the data were completely modelled. The monthly incidences that were fitted by the ARIMA (3, 0, 4) model, with AIC (25.7) and BIC (43.35) with a similar pattern of actual cases from 2013 to 2018 and forecasting incidences from January 2019 to December 2019 were, respectively, 0.50, 0.44, 0.45, 0.49, 0.55, 0.58, 0.56, 0.51, 0.46, 0.44, 0.45 and 0.49 per 100 000 people. Conclusions: In summary, the study showed that the ARIMA (3, 0, 4) model can be applied to forecast human brucellosis patterns in Yazd province, supplementing present surveillance systems, and may be better for health policy-makers and planners.
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In recent years feline leishmanial infections (FLI) have been studied more than ever before in various parts of the world. However, evidence-based knowledge on FLI has remained unavailable. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the status of felines infected by Leishmania spp. worldwide. Data were extracted from 10 available databases over the period of 1982 to 2017. Overall, 78 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction in this systematic review. The overall FLI prevalence by both serological and molecular methods was estimated at 10% (95% CI: 8%-14%). In Italy, both the seroprevalence (24 %) and PCR prevalence (21 %) were found to be higher than in other countries. The most common diagnostic test used was the indirect fluorescent antibody test (38.5%). Studies on mixed-breed felines were more common than those on other breeds, while the most common parasite species was L. infantum (63%). Our findings suggest that cats act as primary and/or secondary reservoir hosts in the transmission of the Leishmania spp. to humans and also to dogs, by sandflies, at least in endemic foci. Moreover, available data confirm the enzootic stability situation of FLI in several countries including some in Europe.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Infections , Leishmania , Diagnostic Tests, RoutineABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of doxorubicin and its pegylated liposomal formulation (Doxil, Caelyx) on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major. Methods Throughout in vitro assays the IC
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Objective To evaluate the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among birds and poultries in Iran. Methods Data were systematically collected from 1983 to 2016 in Iran on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database. Additionally, the abstracts of national scientific congresses and dissertations were included. Results A total of 20 articles in the field of birds and poultries toxoplasmosis, totally examining 4563 cases with 754 positive results reporting the overall prevalence of infection from all parts of Iran could fulfill our eligibility criteria. The overall estimated prevalence included in chicken 20% (95% CI: 3%–38%) in chicken, pigeons 8% (95% CI: −17%–33%) and in sparrows 15% (95% CI: −25%–54%). Conclusion Although there is a lack in data about poultries and birds toxoplasmosis in Iran, our meta-analysis revealed that infection rate is high among birds and poultries in Iran. More studies are needed to manage controlling programs and prevention strategies among poultries in Iran.
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Various allergens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases in different regions. This study attempted to identify the most common allergens among patients with allergies based on the results of skin prick tests in different parts of Iran. Relevant studies conducted from 2000 to 2016 were identified from the MEDLINE database. Six common groups of allergen types, including animal, cockroach, food, fungus, house dust mite, and pollen were considered. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of each type of allergen. The Egger test was used to assess publication bias. We included 44 studies in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of positive skin test results for at least one allergen was estimated to be 59% in patients with allergies in various parts of Iran. The number of patients was 11,646 (56% male and 44% female), with a mean age of 17.46±11.12 years. The most common allergen sources were pollen (47.0%), mites (35.2%), and food (15.3%). The prevalence of sensitization to food and cockroach allergens among children was greater than among adults. Pollen is the most common allergen sensitization in cities of Iran with a warm and dry climate; however, sensitization to house dust mites is predominant in northern and southern coastal areas of Iran.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Child , Humans , Male , Allergens , Climate , Cockroaches , Fungi , Hypersensitivity , Iran , Mites , Pollen , Prevalence , Publication Bias , Pyroglyphidae , Skin , Skin TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of doxorubicin and its pegylated liposomal formulation (Doxil, Caelyx) on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major.@*METHODS@#Throughout in vitro assays the IC was calculated in the promastigotes and amastigotes forms in J774 macrophage cell line. Also as cytotoxicity in J774 cell line macrophages.@*RESULTS@#Doxorubicin and Doxil showed the same activity against promastigote form with IC values of 10.49 μg/mL and 9.63 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the amastigote stage was susceptible at concentration of at least 1 μg/mL when compared to positive control (P < 0.0001). Also, cytotoxicity assay against macrophage revealed no toxicity on the host cells at IC concentrations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings demonstrated the efficacy of both doxorubicin and its pegylated liposomal formulation on L. major at low concentrations. Further researches are needed for evaluating the safety of drugs in animal model particularly as topical formulation.
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Various allergens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases in different regions. This study attempted to identify the most common allergens among patients with allergies based on the results of skin prick tests in different parts of Iran. Relevant studies conducted from 2000 to 2016 were identified from the MEDLINE database. Six common groups of allergen types, including animal, cockroach, food, fungus, house dust mite, and pollen were considered. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of each type of allergen. The Egger test was used to assess publication bias. We included 44 studies in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of positive skin test results for at least one allergen was estimated to be 59% in patients with allergies in various parts of Iran. The number of patients was 11,646 (56% male and 44% female), with a mean age of 17.46±11.12 years. The most common allergen sources were pollen (47.0%), mites (35.2%), and food (15.3%). The prevalence of sensitization to food and cockroach allergens among children was greater than among adults. Pollen is the most common allergen sensitization in cities of Iran with a warm and dry climate; however, sensitization to house dust mites is predominant in northern and southern coastal areas of Iran.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Child , Humans , Male , Allergens , Climate , Cockroaches , Fungi , Hypersensitivity , Iran , Mites , Pollen , Prevalence , Publication Bias , Pyroglyphidae , Skin , Skin TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among birds and poultries in Iran.@*METHODS@#Data were systematically collected from 1983 to 2016 in Iran on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database. Additionally, the abstracts of national scientific congresses and dissertations were included.@*RESULTS@#A total of 20 articles in the field of birds and poultries toxoplasmosis, totally examining 4563 cases with 754 positive results reporting the overall prevalence of infection from all parts of Iran could fulfill our eligibility criteria. The overall estimated prevalence included in chicken 20% (95% CI: 3%-38%) in chicken, pigeons 8% (95% CI: -17%-33%) and in sparrows 15% (95% CI: -25%-54%).@*CONCLUSION@#Although there is a lack in data about poultries and birds toxoplasmosis in Iran, our meta-analysis revealed that infection rate is high among birds and poultries in Iran. More studies are needed to manage controlling programs and prevention strategies among poultries in Iran.
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To evaluate the effect of mode of delivery on postpartum sexual functioning in primiparous women. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 primiparous women in postpartum period, who attended the family planning or vaccination clinics, were enrolled for the study. Eighty-one had vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 69 had experienced cesarean section. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index within 3 and 6 months postpartum. About 29% in vaginal delivery group and 37% in cesarean delivery group had resumed their sexual intercourses four weeks after delivery [p=0.280].There were no significant differences between mode of delivery and sexual functioning, including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain. The present study showed that postpartum sexual functioning was not associated with the type of delivery
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The most common geriatric psychiatric disorder is depression, known to be a multi factorial disorder. However, the influence of common preventable factors is yet to be discovered. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and some possible risk factors in elderly residents of nursing homes in Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, nutritional and health status of 244 residents aged 60 years or older were collected from seventeen nursing homes in Tehran, Iran, during 2010 to 2012. Depression was assessed and classified according to the 15-item GDS. Univariate and then multivariate complex sample survey ordinal regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between depression and the risk factors. The average age of the 244 cases studied was 75.8 [ +/- 8.7] years, 53.3% were female [of whom 74.2% were housewives], 43.4% illiterate, and 32.0% were divorced or were living separately. The percentages of non-depressed, mild, moderate and severe depression were 9.8%, 50.0%, 29.5% and 10.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that dissatisfaction with personnel of nursing homes and food quality had odds ratios of 2.91 [1.33-6.36] and 2.64 [1.44-4.87], corresponding to greater odds of having a higher grade depression. Moreover, those who rested or walked had significantly higher risk of a more severe depression in comparison with those who did not [OR of 2.25 [1.50-3.38] and 1.98 [1.24-3.18], respectively], however, studying had a protective odds ratio of 0.17 [0.13-0.22]. Depression was very common in our sample and their lifestyle influenced its prevalence
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Today, early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal [GI] tract malignancies and their surgical resection is becoming more feasible. One of the important side effects in upper GI tract malignancies is malnutrition which has direct relationship with postoperative complications. Nonetheless, there is no easy regimen of nutrition for these patients especially for the first week after operation. Accordingly we present a simple method for improving feeding such patients via tube jejunostomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early enteral feeding [EEF] on postoperative course after complete resection of upper gastrointestinal tract malignancy and reconstruction. Between September 2005 to September 2008, 60 consecutive patients [22 female, 38 male] with upper GI tract malignancies who had undergone complete resection and reconstruction enrolled in this study. The patients randomly divided equally in two groups of control and EEF. Control group was treated with traditional management of nil by mouth and intravenous fluids for the first five postoperative days and then with liquids and enteral regular diet when tolerated. In EEF group the patients were fed by tube jejunostomy from 1[st] postoperative day and assessed for nutritional status before surgery and 5 days after surgery. Both groups were monitored on the basis of weight gain, clinical and paraclinical parameters and postoperative complications. Sixty patients were randomly divided to two equal groups. Surgical procedures were similar in two groups and no significant difference in demographic and basic nutritional status were found. On 5[th] postoperative day serum albumin was 4.2 +/- 0.4 g/dl in EEF and 3.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl in control group [p= 0.041]. Also serum transferrin was 260.8 +/- 2.5 mg/dl and 208 +/- 1.8 mg/dl in EEF and control group respectively [p<0.001]. Moreover, hospital stay was shorter in EEF group [7.7 +/- 3.1 vs. 14 +/- 2.5 days, p=0.009].There were four [13.3%] anasatomotic leakages in control group and one [3.3%] in EEF group [p=0.353]. Also there was six [20%] wound infection in control group and three [10%] in EEF group [p=0.472]. The EEF by tube jejunostomy can be an effective method of feeding patients in postoperative days of resection of GI malignancies. Postoperative hospital stay would be shorter and the level of laboratory parameters especially serum transferrin is higher in EEF in comparison with control group. It also may reduce postoperative complications such as wound infection and enterocutaneous fistula
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Jejunostomy , Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/surgery , Postoperative Period , Nutritional Status , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Objectives: Malnutrition among adolescents is not only an important health problem but also an economic development problem in Iran and other developing countries. The home environment is found to be related to the development of malnutrition in children. Information on this relationship is important to identify the target risk groups for nutritional intervention. The objective of this study was to determine the association between socioeconomic with BMI status in Middle school adolescent girls in Kish Island
Methods: In a cross- sectional study, without sampling, 488 girl students aged 11-15 years were selected from all Kish Island Middle schools. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Weight status was determined based on the CDC 2000 reference for BMI-for-age. Data on socioeconomic factors like age, parental education, and parental job was collected through a questionnaire
Results: Father's literacy and mother's literacy had significant association with BMI status [P=0.001, P=0.06 respectively]. Analyses by chi-square and Pearson correlation tests showed mother's literacy and father's literacy were strong predictors for overweight and obesity
Conclusion: Increasing parental nutritional knowledge is necessary to initiate changes in nutritional conduct. In addition, a longitudinal study of adolescent nutrition and its associated factors is suggested
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among mentally retarded residents of rehabilitation center of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, southern Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was carried out in central rehabilitation institute of Hormozgan province in summer 2010. Fecal samples of all 133 residents (72 males, 61 females) aged 3-52, were collected in triplicate. Specimens were examined by direct smear, formalin-ether concentration techniques and stained by permanent Trichrome, Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.5.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intestinal parasitic infections were seen in 48.5% (64 out of 133 subjects: 53.4% in males and 46.6% in females). Strongyloides stercoralis with 17.3% showed the highest incidence followed by Entamoeba coli (9.8%), Blastocystis hominis (7.5%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Endolimax nana (2.3%), Hymenolepis nana (0.8%), Oxyuris vermicularis (0.8%), and Chilomasix mesnili (0.8%). Double infections were found to be as: Strongyloides stercoralis + Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Entamoeba coli + Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Entamoeba coli + Blastocystis hominis (1.5%), Oxyuris vermicularis + Entamoeba coli (0.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis + Entamoeba coli (0.8%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings reveal that strongyloidiasis is a common disease among mentally retarded population in southern Iran.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Feces , Parasitology , Hygiene , Institutionalization , Intermediate Care Facilities , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Epidemiology , Parasitology , Iran , Epidemiology , Persons with Mental Disabilities , Strongyloides stercoralis , Strongyloidiasis , Epidemiology , ParasitologyABSTRACT
There is an increased risk of thromboembolism, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, fetal-wastage and congestive cardiac failure in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. In order to have a good outcome, the care of such patients must necessarily be multidisciplinary and in a well- equipped centre with adequate support services. One such patient who had mechanical mitral and aortic valves replacement in 2000 receiving warfarin anticoagulant therapy, presented with a first trimester pregnancy by ICSI method in 2006. She remained in stable homodynamic state and went through pregnancy without event. Delivery was done by caesarian section at 37 weeks gestation age. With considering use of warfarin during pregnancy, use of stimulation protocol during ICSI and delivering normal neonate ultimately, this interesting case is presented here
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Heart Valve Prosthesis , PregnancyABSTRACT
Milk and fermented milk products have been known as foods with possible hypocholesterolemic effects. In this study we compared the effects of milk replacement with regular and probiotic yogurt in normocholesterolemic [N] and hypercholesterolemic [H] subjects. Twenty eight subjects with total serum cholesterol 160-280 mg/dl were included. They did not consume yogurt for 2 weeks after that 300 g/day of milk was added to their diet. Then, blood lipids were measured and they were randomly allocated to 2 groups to receive either 300g/day of ordinary yogurt or probiotic yogurt for 6 weeks as a substitution for milk. Blood lipid tests were repeated at the end of the study. Subjects in both groups were divided into these two subgroups according to their baseline blood cholesterol level: subgroup N [cholesterol < 220 mg/dl] and H [cholesterol >/= 220mg/dl]. Blood lipid changes were compared between these subgroups in each experimental group. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels reduced in the H as compared to N subgroup after regular yogurt consumption instead of milk and the reduction of LDL-C was significant [P=0.033]. The effect of milk replacement with probiotic yogurt on total cholesterol and LDL-C reduction in H compared to N subgroup was higher than regular yogurt consumption [P=0.028 and P=0.014 for total cholesterol and LDL-C respectively]. The higher the baseline blood cholesterol level, the more beneficial effects of milk replacement with yogurt, especially probiotic yogurt. So, it is suggested for hypercholesterolemic individuals to consume more yogurt as the source of dairy products in their diet