ABSTRACT
Accurate lymph node staging of lung cancer is crucial in determining optimal treatment plans and predicting patient outcome. Currently used lymph node maps have been reconciled to the internationally accepted International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) map published in the seventh edition of TNM classification system of malignant tumours. This article provides computed tomographic illustrations of the IASLC nodal map, to facilitate its application in day-to-day clinical practice in order to increase the appropriate classification in lung cancer staging.
Subject(s)
Humans , Classification , Lung Neoplasms , Lymph Nodes , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
Data on imaging findings in pulmonary complications of chemical agents is scarce. The current study aimed to evaluate radiological findings of late onset pulmonary complications in chemical warfare victims [CWV] and to guide pulmonologists in diagnosis of these subjects. Ninety- three male CWV were enrolled in this prospective study, 20-25 years [mean=23] after exposure. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. High resolution computed Tomography [HRCT] of the lung was performed during inspiration and expiration and was double reported blindly by two radiologists. Final diagnosis was made according to HRCT findings. The HRCT findings, final diagnosis, and distribution of the abnormalities were compared between subjects whom had been exposed to more complex chemical agents used during the second half of the war and simpler agents during the first half. The most frequent HRCT findings were air trapping [56.7%] and mosaic attenuation [35.1%]. The distribution of abnormalities was mostly local [79.4%] and bilateral [73%] especially in lower regions [61.3%]. The diagnosed respiratory diseases included bronchiolitis obliterans [43%], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] [27.9%], asthma [23.6%], bronchiectasis [13.9%] and interstitial lung disease [ILD] [9.6%]. Frequency of subjects involved in the second half of the period of war was more than the first period [P-value < 0.05] but the HRCT findings were similar. Bronchiolitis obliterans with picture of focal bilateral air trapping was the most common finding in CWV but asthma appeared to have become a new problem in these subjects
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Mustard Gas , Bronchiolitis Obliterans , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Introduction: The objective of this study was to give a description of the most prominent atypical radiological presentations of lung hydatidosis
Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with pulmonary hydatidosis by surgical exploration were included in this study. Standard chest roentgenogram and computed tomography CT] were evaluated before surgery for lung cysts or unknown lesions. Radiological findings were divided into two categories: 1- Typical hydatid cysts that were previously presented by imaging as a hydatid cyst in the form of an intact cyst, water lily sign and crescent sign. 2- Atypical hydatid cysts that were not similar to typical previously mentioned hydatid cysts
Results: During a 26-year period, 1024 subjects with pulmonary hydatidosis were diagnosed and operated on. Chest X-rays [interpreted in 832 cases] showed perforated cysts in 190 [23%] and atypical findings such as mass, alveolar type infiltration, abscess and collapse in 113 [13%] patients. Seventy-nine patients had a thoracic CT scan in which atypical cysts were detected in 32 subjects [40.5%] such as: thick wall cavity in 9 patients [28%], solid masses in 7 [21%], abscesses in 6 [18%], consolidation in 3 [9%], fungus balls in 3 [9%], collapse [atelectasis] in 2 [6%] and round pneumonia in 2 [6%]. Cavity was significantly more frequent in the right lung [90%] and mass-like opacity was significantly more frequent in the lower lung field [100%]
Conclusion: Hydatid cysts should be considered for most of localized radiological pictures of the lung without respect to localization, size and count of lesions