ABSTRACT
Irsha is an Iranian sample of Listerine mouthwash. To date biologic effects of Irsha and Listerine have not been compared. This study compared the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Listerine and Irsha mouthwashes. In this in vitro study, antimicrobial effects of 5 dilutions of Irsha and Listerine, on the 0.5 MacFarlnd concentrations of five bacterial strains [Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus Sangius, Enterococcus Fecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli] were assessed at different times. Each test was repeated three times, with distilled water as control. For cytotoxic effect, more than 100000 cells of KB [epithelial cell], J774.A1[macrophage], Saos-2 [osteoblast] and MRF [fibroblast] were cultured and incubated for 72 hours in different dilutions of the two mouthwashes [0.5, 1, 5, 10%]. After incubation, the cells were washed and stained with MTT for 45 minutes. The results were recorded with ELISA READER and analyzed with SPSS 18 software, using ANOVA, Tukey test and one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was defined at p value < 0.05. The cytotoxic effects of various dilutions of Listerine and Irsha mouthwashes were not significantly different [p value > 0.05]. In terms of antimicrobial activity, in dilutions of 100% and 50% of Listerine none of the five bacterial strains grew. However, at the same dilutions [100% and 50%] of Irsha, only three strains did not grow. According to the results, antimicrobial activity of Listerine is probably better than Irsha, but cytotoxic effects of Listerine and Irsha mouthwashes were not different
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the in vitro production of interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-10, IL-12, and IL-13, after antigenic stimulation of the cells [with Leishmania antigen and lipopolysaccharide] using whole blood from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions caused by Leishmania tropica and in normal volunteers with history of cutaneous leishmaniasis. ELISA results showed that the mean production of interferon-gamma by cells of whole blood in patients with lesions in response to Leishmania antigen was significantly lower than corresponding values in volunteers with history of cutaneous leishmaniasis [P< 0.05] and significantly higher levels of IL-10 production in patients with lesions were observed compared with cured volunteers of the disease [P<0.01]. A similar level of IL-12, including p40 subunit of IL-12, was detected in both groups tested in this study in response to stimulation of parasite antigen. The levels of the IL-13 after stimulation with Leishmania antigen were significantly more in patients compared with volunteers with history of cutaneous leishmaniasis [P< 0.01]. There was no significant difference in the mean production of IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13 by PHA or LPS stimulated cells from patients with lesions and volunteers with history of the disease, indicating that there was no qualitative defect in cytokine production in these patients. In this study, we have detected the decreased production of interferon- gamma by cells of patients with lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis in response to parasite antigen and unbalanced production of regulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-13 using the whole-blood stimulation assay technique. The required small volume of blood and the rapid set up time are the advantages in this assay technique. Using this assay for further immunodetection of cytokines may confirm its value for clinical investigation