ABSTRACT
Background: in autism spectrum disorder the range of language abilities varies between total muteness to an apparent grammatically complex language. There is a debate on the effect of autism on syntax development if it is normal, delayed or deviant
Aim of the Work: it was to assess the syntactic profile of ASD children
Patients and Methods: a cross sectional descriptive research design. The subjects of this study comprised a convenient sample of 20 children diagnosed as ASD and other 20 normal children as control group with age range between 3 years 8 months and 11 years 8 months. Modified Arabic preschool language scale [PLS-4] Test and Stanford Binet intelligence scales, fifth edition were done for all children and Child autism rating scale [CARS] was done for children with ASD
Results: syntax in ASD is significantly delayed compared to the syntax of normal subjects. Significant impairments in certain items of syntax as [Making grammatical judgments or repairing grammatical errors, understanding pronouns or expressing them, retelling sentences or stories, answering logically using negation, expressing jobs in speech, using irregular plurals, using dualization, question formulation, using past tense forms and using words that describe physical state] was found
Conclusion: syntax in ASD was found to be affected and is found to be below the total language level of the study subjects and this was confirmed by sustained repeated impairments in certain items of syntax
ABSTRACT
Language impairment [Li] is a highly prevalent comorbidity in children with psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems. The most common psychiatric diagnosis among children with Li is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and conversely, Li is a frequent comorbidity found in children with ADHD. Despite the frequent cooccurrence of these two common disorders, there have been few studies that specifically investigate language abilities of children with ADHD.Therefore the main objective of this work was to evaluate language profile in ADHD children and to determine whether there is a specific ADHD related language profile in preschoolers in comparison with the control group with no ADHD. Fifty-three preschool children were diagnosed as ADHD and then they were evaluated for their language development. We recruited 36 children fulfilling our inclusion criteria and had delayed language development then we compared this case group to a sex and age matched group of children with delayed language with no ADHD [n = 25]. Assessment of intelligence was done for both groups using the Stanford Binnet Test IV. Evaluation of ADHD was done for both groups using DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Comprehensive assessment of language development was done using the Arab Linguistic Test [ALT]. EEG was done for both groups. Our results revealed that children with ADHD showed a significant delay in language development. But there was no difference between ADHD children and the control group in total language age, semantics, pragmatics and expressive language age. The only scale that showed difference between children with ADHD and controls was the receptive language age and receptive age quotient. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in EEG. We concluded that it is important to take into consideration language abilities when assessing children with ADHD and it is informative to include ADHD screening tools when dealing with children with DLD.
ABSTRACT
100 patients suffering from simple multinodular goitre [78 females and 22 males] with mean age of [32.8Y] were classified into two equal groups 50 patients each. In the first group the superior thyroid vessels were ligated as mass ligation with in the upper pole. In the second group, the superior thyroid vessels were ligated individually with identification of external laryngeal nerve whenever possible. The voice function was tested pre -and 3 months postoperatively in both groups. There was preservation of the voice function in the second group with some aspects of deterioration of voice function in the first group. So, individual ligation of superior thyroid vessels and identification of external laryngeal nerve if possible, is a good method for preservation of voice functions after thyroidectomy operations