When can carnosine be the magic stick for lead-induced tissue damage? A toxicological biochemical histological study on albino rats

This study aimed at the assessment of the possible level of defence line of carnosine in chronic lead exposure. Evaluation of the possible relation of antioxidants and other functioning enzymes versus chronic lead exposure is also to be percussed. For this purpose, the study included two parts: Part [1]: was performed to deduce the correlation between the dose of carnosine and the different biochemical parameters measured in the studied tissues; Part [2]: was a long term study in which [56] male Wistar albino rats, divided into [6] groups, eight in each group: Group [1]: Negative control; Group [2]: Rats were treated with carnosine in a dose of 0.05 mg/g rat; Group [3]: Rats were treated with carnosine in a dose of 0.12 mg/ g rat; Group [4]: Comprised rats treated with lead acetate in a dose of [0.01 mg/g rat]; Group [5]: Included rats treated with lead [0.01 mg/g rat] and carnosine [0.05 mg/g rat]; Group [6]: Included rats treated with lead [0.01 mg/g rat] and carnosine [0.12 mg/g rat]. Treatment was performed daily for 6 days/ week for 5 months. The neural [brain] and visceral [heart, kidneys and liver] tissues were collected and different biochemical variables were determined; as well as a histological examination. In all the studied tissues, carnosine would only act as a free radical scavenger in the low dose only; and it could be used as an adjuvant in a low dose with chelating agents, since it cannot chelate lead in the brain tissue. Renal impairment was most probably a direct action of carnosine in a high dose on renal tissue, rather than being a result of lead intoxication. On the other hand, when carnosine was given in a small dose, it acted as a free radical scavenger. In the liver, carnosine in a small dose could not act as a chelator for lead, while in a high dose, it acts as a chelating agent. On the contrary, in a small dose, carnosine acts as a free radical scavenger but not in the high dose. Overall, carnosine cannot prevent the production of free radicals but can scavenge them only in a small dose

Effect of engine oil and benzene on blood stains

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of engine oil and benzene on the estimation of the age of blood stains in car accidents. The study included ten human blood samples. A sample of fresh blood was tested immediately. Then, the rest of each sample was spread into equal amounts on clean cotton fabrics and cotton fabrics soiled with oil, benzene as well as oil and benzene. Cotton fabrics were allowed to dry completely, then kept at room temperature to be examined at intervals of 1, 7, 14 and 30 days. Hemoglobin curves were drawn for each sample in the visible region of alpha double beam drawing spectrophotometer and the alpha ratio was calculated for each sample. The highest rate of alpha ratio degradation was found in blood stains soiled with oil and benzene, followed by the blood stains soiled with oil then the blood stains soiled with benzene