Effect of acrylamide on the central nervous system of rates: histological, histochemical, and electron microscopy studies

The effect of acrylamide on the central nervous system of rats was studied in order to determine its neurotoxicity effect. Seventy rats were used in the present study which were divided into three groups. The rats of group one were used as control while rats of group two were given acrylamide by intramuscular injection with a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, and the rats of group three were given 25 mg/kg acrylamide twice weekly for one month. The rats were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of acrylamide injection and cervical spinal cord was removed and processed for histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical studies. Histological results showed mild degenerative changes of nerve fibers after one and two weeks of acrylamide injection while after three and four weeks severe changes were seen following both doses of acrylamide. Histochemical changes appeared in the decreased activities of cytochrome oxidase, RNA, and Nissl substances after one and two weeks of acrylamide injection and this decrease reached its minimal activity at the end of the experiment for the two doses while acetyl-cholinesterase and DNA were found to be increased. Electron microscopic study revealed irregular outline of nuclear envelop with some nuclear pores, vascular degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles, demyleinated and thinly myleinated axons, and many hypertrophied mitochondria. All these results indicated that acrylamide which is still used in the synthesis of polymers for a variety of industrial applications, is highly neurotoxic

Effect of radiotherpay and chemotherapy on normal jejunal mucosa of Swiss mice: histological, cytological, and histochemical studies

Radiation and chemotherapy play a major role in the management of patients with malignant tumours, they have marked toxicity against tumour cells in addition to other undesirable side effects on normal organs. This led the researchers to carry out a histological, cytological, and histochemical studies as regards the effect of radiation and chemotherapy on the jejunal mucosa of normal mice. Seventy-two male Swiss mice were used in this study. Golgi apparatus, acid phosphatase [ACP], and succinic dehydrogenase [SDH] enzymes were studied in normal jejunum as well as after exposure to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The results revealed that prominent changes were observed in cisplatin-treated group, while more effects were shown in animals receiving combined radio and chemotherapy

Effect of acrylamide on albino rat kidney histological, histochemical and electron microscopy studies

The effect of prolonged intake of acrylamide on the kidney of the albino rat was studied. Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study to evaluate the possible structural toxic effect of chronic intake of acrylamide. This substance was administered orally in three doses [0.01, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg b.w] three days weekly for six months. Examination of paraffin sections using the light microscope showed variable histological changes in the different study gps. The changes detected proceeded badly with increasing the dose. Some of the renal tubules lost their cytoplasmic brush borders as well as acidophilic granules. Widening of Bowman's space was noticed. Also, the interstitium and glomeruli showed lymphocytic infiltration and more congestions. Histochemical study revealed decreased glycogen and increased DNA contents. Electron microscopy studies showed aggressive changes in the nuclei, mitochondria and microvilli of kidney of rats [0.5 mg/kg]. These results indicated that chronic intake of acrylamide has a toxic effect on the kidney tissue cells when given with 0.5 mg/kg for six months as indicated by histological, histochemical and electron microscopic changes

Effect of sun exposure on the skin: histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies

The present work was designed to explore certain aspects concerning human skin in the domain of sun exposure. Skin biopsies were taken from fifteen subjects divided into two groups; chronically sun-exposed group consisted of 10 subjects and control group consists of 5 subjects with no history of chronic sun exposure. Histological signs of sun-damaged skin were prominent as a pronounced thickening of stratum corneum indicating a hyperproliferative state accompanied by a corresponding decrease in collagen content associated with large bundles of coarse abnormal elastic fibers. Depletion of Langerhans immune cells in addition to decreased nuclear DNA were also observed

Electron microscopical studies of pituitary gland of male hamsters under the effect of estrogen treatment

The ultrastructure of the normal pars intermedia of male hamsters showed two types of cells. The light cells were numerous, regular in shape with rounded or elongated nuclei have different size of secretory granules and were considered as a source of melanocyte stimulating hormone [MSH]. The dark cells were less in number, showed less display of secretory granules and were concerned with colloid production. Some of the dark cells showed foot like processes and irregular nuclear membranes. Progressive changes in the cell organelles were observed in the pars intermedia cells after long term of estrogen treated hamsters over the studied period

Histopathological, ultra-structural and histochemical studies on the liver of schistosoma mansoni infected mice under the effect of triclabendazole

The present work investigated the effect of the fasciolicidal drug triclabendazole [TCBZ] on the liver of S. mansoni infected mice. The drug was given to normal as well as to S. mansoni infected mice. The work included histopathological, ultra-structural and histochemical studies. In the normal liver TCBZ induced the formation of scanty foci of inflammatory infiltrate. No changes were observed at the subcellular level or in the hepatocytes enzymes succinic dehydrogenase [SDH] and acid phosphatase [ACP]. The liver of S. mansoni infected mice revealed the classical histopathological picture of schistosomiasis. After TCBZ treatment, the granulomata involuted revealing fibrous transformation. The ultrastructural of hepatocytes of S. mansoni infected mice revealed distortion of the mitochondria, increased number of lysosomes and obliteration of Disse space. These electron microscopic [EM] changes were less obvious after TCBZ therapy denoting improvement of the hepatocellular insufficiency. Histochemically, an increase in ACP and a decrease in SDH activity were observed in S. mansoni infected liver. The activity of these enzymes returned to normal after treatment with TCBZ. It could be concluded that TCBZ has no direct toxic effect on the hepatocytes. In experimental schistosomiasis TCBZ improved the liver pathology and enzymatic activity of the hepatocytes