ABSTRACT
Background: From the past few decades, disturbed sleep pattern has grown to be a hallmark of modern-day society among the adolescents and in adults. Both are having disturbed sleep patterns with average sleep duration of 7 h per night. Smartphones, tablets, and television which are the remarkable source of information and entertainment have robbed sleep time and have led to voluntary sleep restriction as self-reported by them and it has become a serious barrier to health development. Along with-it, high blood pressure (BP) levels are influenced by high body mass index (BMI) and low cardiorespiratory fitness which are among the most important cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, how sleep attenuates the individuals BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness and BP in adolescents are uncertain. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze whether the disturbed sleep pattern is a mediator between body composition, Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and BP levels in young adolescents. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which involved students of MMIMSR (n = 500), of which 250 male and 250 female participants were recruited. Initial explanation about the aim and purpose of the study, test procedure, method of testing, and instruction of how to perform the test was given. All the participants were examined under similar laboratory conditions. Detailed history with thorough clinical examination were done. All basal parameters such as heart rate, BP, and respiratory rate were also measured. Results: In our study, disturbed sleep patterns were highly significantly (P < 0.01) associated with high BMI which acted as a mediator between low CRF and high BP in both the participants. Our results highlighted the importance of a sleep in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, CRF and to prevent hypertension in young adolescents. Conclusion: The findings of our study are consistent with the hypothesis that disturbed sleep might be one of the reasons which influence BMI and long-term cardiovascular health.
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity in relation to physical fitness is of major concern nowadays, as the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide and India is no exception to it. Lack of fitness results in stress as well as increased burnout, which ultimately contributes to mortality from cardiovascular disease. Physicians who are having poor exercise habits are also less likely to counsel patients about exercise. Aim and Objectives: Hence, in this study, we aim to evaluate the body mass index (BMI) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported sleep pattern among the resident doctors of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. Materials and Methods: Data were collected for the cross-sectional study. Sleep pattern was determined using a validated Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated using Quetelet index. Queen’s College Step Test method was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness by calculating VO2max. VO2max is internationally accepted parameter and is the first choice in measuring a person’s cardiopulmonary status. Results: The result of our study showed highly positive significant (P < 0.01) association and correlation between obesity and sleep patterns and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation between obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness among the resident doctors. Residents with relatively disturbed sleep pattern and with shorter sleep durations were either overweight or obese. Preliminary findings are consistent with the hypothesis that disturbance in sleep pattern may be one of the factors which influences BMI and also influences long-term cardiorespiratory health. Residents attributed time constraints due to training as a key barrier to physical activity. Conclusion: Proper awareness at early stage is extremely important to impress the consequences disturbed sleep pattern and in prevention of the development of obesity and improvement in the cardiorespiratory fitness.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Food is an important basic necessity, its procurement, preparation and consumption is vital for the sustenance of life. However, diseases that spread through food are common and persistent problems result in appreciable morbidity and occasionally in death. Eating establishments provide food on a large scale and are important from the point of view of epidemiology of food borne diseases in the community. This study is carried out to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) regarding food hygiene among food handlers working in food establishment in Nehru Nagar, Belgaum City.Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in food establishment in Nehru Nagar, Belgaum City. Sample is a subset of a population selected to participate in a study. Total number of food establishment’s functioning in Nehru Nagar is 103. . From each food establishment’s one cook, one helper and one service staff was selected randomly. Hence the total number of samples in the study is 103x 3= 309. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather information regarding practices of food hygiene. Data were coded and entered into SPSS sheet and analyzed by using SPSS software (SPSS 20.0 Version). Proportions were calculated wherever required from frequency tables. Chi square test was used.Results: The maximum number of subjects 251(81.2%) had average knowledge, 237 (76.7%) had average attitude and 262 (84.8%) had average practice. There is a statistically significant association found between demographic variables such as, nationality, religion, education, marital status, duration of employment, with knowledge of food handlers at the p < 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: The food hygiene is an important aspect in food establishments made it compulsory for food handlers to provide clean food and free from contamination.