Study of the profunda femoris artery and its anatomical variations in human

To study the profunda femoris artery in human and to illustrate any variation in the artery as regard its origin, and branching pattern. Twenty four cadaveric lower limbs of both sexes were used in this study. At first, the femoral artery was suspected to cannulation and injection with gelatin/lead oxide mixture. The profunda femoris artery was sequentially dissected and studied for any variation in the origin and branches. An angiograph was used to show the role of profunda femoris artery in case of obstruction of femoral artery. The profunda femoris artery originated from the femoral artery at a distance ranged form 2.5-7 cm below the inguinal ligament. It had an external diameter of 0.4-0.7 cm. Many variations in both origin and branching pattern were detected. It originated from the lateral [one specimen], posterolateral [22 specimens] and postero-medial aspect of femoral artery [one specimen]. In most of the specimens, the M.F.C. [18 specimens- 75%] and L.F.C. [20 specimens- 83.3%] were found to arise directly from the profunda femoris artery. While in 6 specimens [25%] the M.F.C. arised directly from the femoral artery. In 4 specimens [16.7%] the L.F.C. arised from the femoral artery. In one specimen, it was found that the descending branch of L.F.C. arised directly from the femoral artery. Angiograph of obstructed femoral artery demonstrated the presence of 2 longitudinal series of anastomosis; one of them was the descending branch of L.F.C. with the superolateral genicular branch of popliteal artery and the other was between the 4 perforators, and proximal and muscular branches of popliteal artery. There are variations in the branching pattern of the profunda femoris artery which is the main arterial supply of the thigh. Another function is to conduit also blood to leg via anastomosing branches with the popliteal artery. These findings are of great importance to vascular surgeon as in occlusive arterial disorder of the femoral artery this artery represents the only hope of saving a critical ischaemic limb to avoid amputation and also important to plastic surgeon during designing myocutaneous flaps of the thigh

study of the ulnar nerve and artery in Guyon's canal in human

This study was carried out on 16 adult cadaveric hands. They were dissected to study the anatomy of the ulnar nerve and artery in Guyon's canal and to detect any variations in their superficial and deep branches. There were variations in the site of division of the ulnar nerve. In ten cases, it was divided into superficial and deep branches at the beginning of the canal at the level of pisiform bone. In three cases, the nerve was divided proximal to pisiform bone and in the remaining three cases, it was divided distal to pisiform bone. Also, there were variations in the branching pattern of the ulnar nerve. In most of the cases, it was divided into superficial and deep branches. Only in two cases, it was divided into medial and lateral branches either at the onset of the canal or in the distal forearm, about 1.5 cm proximal to pisiform bone. The ulnar artery was divided mostly after its entry into the canal, where it gave its deep branch[es] within the canal in 14 cases, distal to the canal in one case or both within and distal to the canal in one case. As regard to the superficial division of the ulnar artery, there was variation in only one case

Study of the first palmar interosseous muscle

This work aimed to study the frequency of occurrence of the pollical palmar interosseous muscle in humans and its anatomical features. It was carried out on 46 hands of human cadavers. The study revealed that the muscle was present in 19 hands on the right side and in 18 left hands. The muscle originated from the first metacarpal bone in 16 cases and from the first metacarpal and the trapezium in 3 cases on the right side. On the left side, the muscle originated from the first metacarpal in 16 cases and from the first metacarpal and the trapezium in 2 cases. In all cases, the muscle was inserted, together with the adductor pollicis muscle, into the medial side of the wing tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle. The first palmar interosseous muscle was separated from the adductor pollicis muscle by the radial artery and from the body of the first metacarpal by a branch of the radial artery, the princeps pollicis. Several functions of the muscle were proposed