Soft tissue facial profile of adult Saudis Lateral cephalometric analysis

To develop cephalometric measurements of soft tissue facial profile for a sample of adult Saudi males and females and compare it with European-Americans' norms for any significant differences. Sixty-one lateral cephalometric radiographs [31 males and 30 females; mean age 23 years] were selected from the archives of cephalometric radiograph files at College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between June 2009 and June 2010. Thirteen cephalometric parameters were analyzed electronically using the Dolphin version 10 software according to Legan and Burstone analysis. Descriptive statistics and -values were calculated for the group comparisons using SPSS program. The statistical significance was determined at the 0.05 level of confidence. Adult Saudis generally had increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased bimaxillary lip protrusion, greater mentolabial sulcus, decreased vertical lip-chin ratio, and increased maxillary incisor exposure than European-Americans. Saudi females had more obtuse nasolabial angle and decreased lower vertical height-depth ratio than European-American females. Comparisons between the males and females indicated that Saudi females had a reduced lower vertical height-depth ratio, smaller lower lip distance more obtuse nasolabial angle and decreased interlabial gap than males. The significant differences in facial structures of Saudis, European-Americans and between the genders should be of a great help for diagnosis of orthodontic and orthognathic surgical cases in Saudi adults

Orthognathic surgical norms for a sample of Saudi adults: hard tissue measurements

The aim of the study is to establish hard tissue cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery for a sample of Saudi adults. Sixty-two lateral cephalometric radiographs for 31 females and 31 males, age range of 22-24 years, were analysed. The mean values of the hard and dental measurements were compared with those of European-American adults using Burstone analysis, as well as comparison between Saudi males and females. Saudi males had an increased cranial base length, the mandible lied more posterior to maxilla, increased mandibular plane angle and backward rotation of the mandible with less prominent chin, shorter maxillary length, and also less proclination of lower incisors compared to those of European Americans. Saudi females had similar cranial base length and shorter maxillary length than European Americans. In both gender; lower anterior and posterior dental heights were smaller when compared with the European-Americans' values. A significant difference between Saudi males and females was found. Saudi males showed longer cranial base length, larger vertical skeletal proportion, increased dental values, longer maxillary and mandibular length than the female group. This study may be useful in providing racially specific cephalometric norms for diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery for a sample of Saudi adults

Cephalometric measurments of a Saudi adult sample according to Jarabak's analysis

The aim of this study was to establish cephalometric norms of Saudi adults according to Jarabak's analysis and to evaluate whether a significant difference exists between Saudi measurements and Jarabak's norms. The inclusion criteria were normal occlusion, pleasant soft tissue profiles, no history of trauma, and no previous orthodontic treatment. The study was carried out on sixty-two standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of 31 female and 31 male Saudi adults with a mean age of 23 +/- 1 years. Descriptive analysis and independent Student's t-test were carried out. The results showed statistically significant differences in the anterior cranial base length, mandibular length, lower gonial angle, and posterior facial height [p < 0.05] between the Saudi males and females when compared to Jarabak's norms [p < 0.05]. The results demonstrated that the Saudis have distinct cephalometric facial features. It can be concluded that Saudi males and females have distinct craniofacial features when compared to Caucasians. These distinct features should be considered when orthodontists and orthognathic surgeons set their treatment objectives

Anterior alveolar dimensions in class I normal Saudi subjects

Contemporary orthodontic practice demands the establishment of specific racial norms for various cephalometric measurements. The objective of this study was to describe the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the maxil lary and mandibular anterior alveolar bases in Class I normal Saudi subjects. The sample consisted of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 adult Saudi individuals [30 males and 30 females] with Class I skeletal and dental relationship, and normal balanced facial profile. The height and width measurements of the upper and lower anterior alveolus were performed according to the method described by Handelman [Handelman, 1996]. The findings of this study resulted in establishment of the standard dimensions of the upper and lower anterior alveolus in Class I adult Saudi subjects. No significant association was found between anterior alveolar measurements and the facial pattern. Tendency toward thinner alveolus with increased proclination and protrusion of upper and lower incisors was observed within the variability range of the sample. Significant differences among means of the alveolar height measurements were detected between Saudi population and a Caucasian group

Treatment of a pseudo Class III relationship in the mixed dentition: a case report

This article describes a case report in which a Class III patient was successfully treated with an inverted labial bow appliance. The appliance is easy to make, efficient and well tolerated by the patient. Early treatment of Class III conditions is recommended. The importance of differentiating between true Class III and pseudo Class III malocculusions is emphasized

Cephalometric norms for Saudi sample using McNamara analysis

The present study was carried out on 65 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs [36 males and 29 females] of 4th year dental students to determine cephalometric norms according to McNamara's analysis, and to evaluate whether a significant difference exists between Saudi and European-American norms. The criteria of selection were normal occlusion, pleasant soft tissue profiles, no history of trauma, and no previous orthodontic treatment. Ten skeletal and dental variables were investigated. Descriptive analysis and independent student t-test were carried out on the data. The results showed statistical significant differences between the Saudi males and females when compared to the norms suggested for European-Americans by McNamara. The results demonstrated that the Saudis have distinct cephalometric facial features. Generally, they revealed a greater convex profile with reduced chin prominence, steeper mandible and more bimaxillary protrusion