Co-morbidity of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a disease with vocal and motor tics. This disorder is co-morbid with many psychiatric disorders, among which obsessive-compulsive disorder is the most common. During a one-year period, 30 patients with Tourette disorder were studied at an adolescent psychiatry referral clinic. It was an analytical-descriptive study. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling. The control group was selected from students in Tehran schools similar to the first group in terms of age and gender. K-SADS questionnaire was used to examine the existence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in both groups. The results were analyzed with SPSS software. The apparent co-morbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome was seen in this study, such that 53% of patients affected with it had obsessive-compulsive disorder. Statistics obtained was higher compared to earlier data. Although this co-morbidity was somewhat different in the two genders, it was not considered statistically significant [80% girls and 48% boys]. More focus should be laid upon the co-morbidity between Tourette and OCD. It is recommended to study patients with Tourette syndrome more extensively in terms of co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders, especially the obsessive-compulsive disorder

Survey of the tardive dyskinesia induced by antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia

Tardive Dyskinesia [TD], is one of the important problems of the patients with schizophrenia. The emergence of these side effects depends on so many factors such as the patients' age and the duration of antipsychotic treatment. By discovering new drugs [Atypical], there has been an outstanding decrease in the emergence of these side effects. The present study investigates the symptoms of TD in the Patients with schizophrenia who were under treatments for more than 6 months. The sample of this study was 200 Patients with schizophrenia of four wards in Razi hospital [two acute and two chronic wards] who were hospitalized in the winter of 2006 and were qualified for this study. The subjects were 101 males and 99 females who were younger than 60 and had received antipsychotic drugs for at least 6 months. After psychiatric interview and filling the demographic questionnaire by the patients, the required information about the drugs and the intensity of the symptoms was acquired. Then clinical and physical examinations of tardive dyskinesia were done. Next, the tardive dyskinesia disorders' check list [AIMS] was used. Findings of this cross-sectional, descriptive study were analyzed by SPSS. There was a high ratio of 95% between TD and the age factor [P=0.05]. There was no relationship between symptoms frequency and duration of treatment [P=0.68]. Facial muscles and oral zones were mostly involved in T.D disorder [72%]. No significant difference was observed between nine fold symptoms of T.D in patients who were using traditional drugs and those who were using the new ones [typical and atypical]. Findings showed that in the intensity of the symptoms, gender does not play a major role

Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental outcome in infants in Karaj

Although it is well-known that the incidence of developmental delay in high-risk infants is higher than in low-risk ones, little is known about the risk factors among Iranian infants. The objective of this study was to determine the various pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors in developmental delay in participants and to compare the incidence of each factor with that of the normal population. The Infant Neurological International Battery developmental assessment was employed as the diagnostic tool by a team of experts. Neurological examinations were performed and a questionnaire was completed as well. The subjects consisted of 6,150 infants divided into two groups respectively, with normal and abnormal scores for the evaluation over a period of 12 months in city of Karaj [Tehran Province]. The mean age of the participants was 39 weeks. Factors associated with a significant increased risk of developmental delay in the studied population included postneonatal seizures [OR=5.54, 95%CI: 3.1 - 9.6], neonatal seizures [OR=4.37, 95%CI: 1.7 - 10.8], preterm delivery [OR=2.52, 95%CI: 1.3 - 4.7], and type II pneumonia [OR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.4 - 3.8]. To increase the survival rate of neonates and effectiveness of early intervention, the above-mentioned risk factors could be considered as valuable clues. Routine neuro developmental screening for neonates and infants for early detection of neurodevelopmental delays is highly recommended. If economic limitations prevent mass-screening of neonates, at least high-risk infants should be routinely re-evaluated

Dohsa treatment to improve balance in elderly people: an evaluation of an family-based rehabilitation programme

In this research we evaluate an individually family-based Dohsa exercise programme of balance in the aged people and its effect on self confidence for performing common daily tasks with less falling could be influenced by training. From a residential care center, five aged person were participated in this study. They were trained by Dohsa method for six weeks. Two types of Dohsa-hou were used: Relaxation and Tate-kei. Tate-kei was the task which required them to control their body vertically against gravity. The results indicated that most of them had improved their balance and their confidence for doing their daily activities without falling in a better way. The Dohsa family based rehabilitation program could improve their balance and increase their activity by not falling down. The family based programme can be a useful program for rehabilitation therapists in their therapy with aged people to improve their life skills and well beings