ABSTRACT
Background: Today’s medical students are tomorrow’s future workforce in the Indian health-care system. Leadership quality among medical students is rarely assessed or discussed during the undergraduate medical course. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the level of perceived leadership quality among 1st-year medical students in an Indian medical college. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with all 1st-year medical students studying MBBS. We took a convenience sample for this study. A self-report questionnaire-abbreviated self-leadership quality was used to assess the perceived leadership quality. This questionnaire has a total of nine questions or statements that have a 5-point Likert-type response option. Data were presented descriptively and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: A total of 87 (58 male and 29 female) 1st-year medical students participated in this study. The highest score was for self-goal setting and the lowest score was for self-reward. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the variance of a score. The questionnaire showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 which indicates the questionnaire was having a good internal consistency. Conclusion: From the experience of this single-center study, it may be concluded that 1st-year medical students are having a high level of perceived leadership quality. Although their goal-setting is the highest quality, self-reward is not practiced by them. Leadership training in the curriculum may help in growing the leadership quality among medical students.
ABSTRACT
Background: Regular exercise and proper exercise are two important measures that can control obesity reduce the chances of metabolic disease and promote a healthy life. Many a time, exercise may not be suitable for some individuals. For screening, a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is used. However, it is not available in Odia, a language spoken in Odisha, India. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to adapt the PAR-Q linguistically in Odia according to guidelines laid by the World Health Organization. Materials and Methods: The English questionnaire was forward translated from English to Odia by three bilingual experts and a consensus was reached to make a final Odia version. Then, the Odia version was back-translated to English by three language experts and a consensus was reached to form a final back-translated version. Then, the conceptual equivalence was checked between the two versions for finalizing the Odia version. Then, the questionnaire was pre-tested and cognitive interview was conducted. Results: We have successfully forward translated and back-translated the PAR-Q. The Odia version and back-translated English version showed an acceptable level of equivalence by two individual raters with an acceptable level of agreement. The Odia PAR-Q was successfully pre-tested. Conclusion: We have linguistically translated the PAR-Q in Odia. This questionnaire can be used for screening individuals for their fitness for enrolling and engaging in exercise. This questionnaire would help sports authorities as well as paramedical staff in screening Odia speaking subjects who are not comfortable with English.