Case Report: Suprachoroidal Catheterization “ab-interno” for Treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma: “BABLY TECHNIQUE”.

A cataractous and open angle glaucomatous right eye of a 60 year old man was surgically treated in a different way. First, phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens was done, then, under gonioscopy, I track, I science microcatheter was introduced in the suprachoroidal space and heavy viscoelastic was injected. Preoperatively, intra ocular pressure was 28 mmHg on three topical medications, Travatan, Cosopt and Alphagan. One month postoperatively, IOP was reduced to 16 mmHg without medications. Suprachoroidal catheterization is a safe, easy and effective technique in treatment of open angle glaucoma. Studies with long-term follow up are needed to assess efficacy and safety of the procedure. Suprachoroidal catheterization should be tried in different types of glaucoma.

Reconstitution of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis enzymes in mammalian cells to convert LA to DHA / 生物工程学报

DHA (22:6n-3) is a Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds, which has important biological functions in human body. Human and other mammals synthesize only limited amounts of DHA, more requirements must be satisfied from food resources. However, the natural resources of DHA (Mainly deep-sea fish and other marine products) are prone to depletion. New resources development is still insufficient to satisfy the growing market demand. Previous studies have revealed that the mammals can increase the synthesis of DHA and other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids after transgenic procedures. In this study, mammalian cells were transfected with Δ6, Δ5 desaturase, Δ6, Δ5 elongase, Δ15 desaturase (Isolated from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) and Δ4 desaturase (Isolated from Euglena gracilis), simultaneously. Results show that the expression or overexpression of these 6 enzymes is capable of conversion of the o-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in DHA (22:6n-3). DHA content has increased from 16.74% in the control group to 25.3% in the experimental group. The strategy and related technology in our research provided important data for future production the valuable DHA (22:6n-3) by using genetically modified animals.

Effectiveness of the proposal for the development of some of the life skills program to reduce violent behavior among Saudi children kindergarten

Problem: For the main question, which includes what the effectiveness of the proposal for the development of some of the life skills program to reduce violent behavior among kindergarten children of Saudi Arabia?. This stems from a set of questions to ask the following: What behaviors violence spread between kindergarten?, What life skills needed for kindergarten children to cope with the behavior of violence?. What is the importance of these life skills for kindergarten children?, and To what extent the practice of kindergarten children life skills necessary to cope with the behavior of violence?

Objectives: Identify the behavior of violence are widespread among kindergarten children, and Identification of the life skills needed for kindergarten children to curb the behavior of violence in kindergarten

Methodology: The experimental method with the use of a two tribal dimensional measurements and comparison between them

Sample: Numbered 31 boys and girls, and the other officer numbered 30 boys and girls has been applied research tribal tools followed by a proposed program for the children of the experimental group where the application of the proposed program activities and number of application 51 Activity two and a half application and continued almost as familiarize children the control group, prepared by the ministry program, and after the end of the application has been applied Uday search tools

Tools: Questionnaire to determine violent behavior among children kindergarten [Prepared by the researcher], and Astbijan to determine the life skills crisis to face the behavior of violence prevalent in the K and include [prepared by the researcher]

Results: And there is a significant statistical differences between the mean scores of children of experimental control groups in the post test performance on life skills scale in the direction of the children of the experimental group

needs and pressures the drama characters face in the Egyptian child theatre analytical study

Problem: Do the drama authors of the child theatre in Egypt have the sufficient knowledge of the needs and pressures that the drama characters face and that must be found in theatre context acquire the child the needed positive values and behaviours

Importance: The important of studying the content of the contexts of the child theatre as they are of the contexts which must includes the positive values and behaviours for the balanced character that we aspire to offer to the child, The importance of. studying the content of the contexts of the child theatre as they include remarks for the needs that the dramatic characters bear and the pressures that they face to know the extent of the effectiveness of the theatre in acquiring children motivation and the positive trends towards work, achievement, competition, self independence, assuming responsibility... etc, and The importance of the age stag, that the study deals as it is the first stage of the elementary education and in preparing for the teenage stage where children are more mature and understanding for themselves and for who are around them and developing their emotional, social and mental abilities as they are affected much by what they learn from the first years of their lives

Aims: The Study Aims to know the needs that the drama characters bear in the contexts of the child theatre, knowing the pressures the drama characters face in the contexts of the child theatre, Knowing how the drama characters face the problems they are exposed to in the contexts of the child theatre and how to solve it, and Knowing the public features that drama characters presented to child are. Characterized by through analyzing the content of the theatre contexts

Approach And Tools: The study depended on the analytical, descriptive approach and analyzing the content of a group of theatre contexts which were performed on the stage of the national theatre for the child and the puppet theatre in the period from 2008 to 2011. The study also depended on the classification of Henry Moray for the pressures and needs and used the idea as unit of analysis

Results: The context another for the child theatre and puppet theatre in Egypt are not knowledgeable of the positive needs and pressures that must be found and asserting them in the theatre context deals which are suitable for the age stage that the context deals and with the trends of the modern upbringing and the aims of the child theatre

Overexpression of four fatty acid synthase genes elevated the efficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in mammalian cells / 生物工程学报

Three long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), are the most biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body. They are important in developing and maintaining the brain function, and in preventing and treating many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation and cancer. Although mammals can biosynthesize these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the efficiency is very low and dietary intake is needed to meet the requirement. In this study, a multiple-genes expression vector carrying mammalian A6/A5 fatty acid desaturases and multiple-genes expression vector carrying mammalian Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid desaturases and Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid elongases coding genes was used to transfect HEK293T cells, then the overexpression of the target genes was detected. GC-MS analysis shows that the biosynthesis efficiency and level of DHA, EPA and ARA were significantly increased in cells transfected with the multiple-genes expression vector. Particularly, DHA level in these cells was 2.5 times higher than in the control cells. This study indicates mammal possess a certain mechanism for suppression of high level of biosynthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the overexpression of Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid desaturases and Δ6/Δ5 fatty acid elongases broke this suppression mechanism so that the level of DHA, EPA and ARA was significantly increased. This study also provides a basis for potential applications of this gene construct in transgenic animal to produce high level of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Incidence and natural course of symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy in pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Kuwait

To report the incidence, clinical features and natural course of central serous chorioretinopathy [CSR] in pregnant women in Kuwait. Patients were actively recruited from a private maternity hospital. Out of the 17,000 pregnant women who visited the antenatal care clinics [Al-Orf Hospital, Kuwait] over 3 years, 900 had visual complaints. Patients with visual complaints underwent complete ophthalmological assessment. Medical records of patients with CSR were reviewed, and a full clinical ophthalmological assessment was performed including measurement of best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp biomicroscopy, dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy and Amsler grid screening, color and red free fundus photography and retinal optical coherence tomography. All patients were evaluated throughout the course of pregnancy and for 6 months after delivery. Four patients had CSR among the 17,000 pregnant women reviewed over 3 years corresponding to an incidence of 0.008% per year. Two patients [50%] had CSR with white subretinal exudates and 2 [50%] had no exudates. There was complete resolution in all patients [100%] within 3 months after delivery. In pregnant women, CSR can present with or without retinal exudates and completely resolves in either case. Further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to investigate the risk factors in pregnant women

Sacral tumours: postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes

In this study, we report the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with sacral masses. Ten patients presented to Neurosurgery Department in Kasr EI-Einy Hospital from January 2006 -December 2008 with sacral masses. Surgical resection using posterior approach with or without spinopelvic fixation by using Modified Galveston Technique if the sacroiliac joints are involved more than 50% by the tumour. The pathological diagnosis was giant cell tumour in 2 cases, aneurysmal bone cyst in 3 cases, chordoma 3 cases and neurofibroma in 2 cases. Total resection was done in 9 cases [90%]. Low back and leg pain recovered well in 8 cases while remained for about 5 months in the 2 cases with giant cell tumours in which there were instability and fixation was used but fusion did not happen except after 6 months. Sphincteric disturbance recovered after 3 months in 4 cases [40%], 3 of them were aneurysmal bone cyst and one case of neurofibroma. The surgical management of sacral tumours requires partial or total sacrectomy and spinopelvic reconstruction. These lesions present a great surgical challenge because most spine surgeons are unfamiliar with the techniques required for these procedures

Anatomical and radiological study of the mandibular canal, mental foramen and accessory mental foramen

The knowledge of the intraosseous course of the mandibular canal, mental foramen, accessory mental foramen and its anatomical variations is of great importance in oral surgical interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate the position and the course of the intraosseous mandibular canal, the mental foramen and the accessory mental foramen in cadaveric, bones, panoramic and C.T radiographs. Panoramic radiographs were used also to determine the close proximity of impacted mandibular molar teeth to the inferior alveolar canal. This study examined 16 formalin-fixed mandible specimens and 88 dried human mandibles. A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 189 patients and cone beam C.T of 11 patients. The mandibular canal frequently lacked definite walls. The artery and vein followed the inferior alveolar nerve, running along the medial side from the mandibular foramen to the first molar. The thickness of the mandible increased from the mandibular foramen to the mandibular body. The horizontal dimension of the mental foramen was 3 mm and its vertical dimension was 2.5 mm. The position of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs is most commonly below and between the mandibular premolar teeth. The accessory mental foramen was observed in 6.6%. The accessory mental foramen was variable in location with respect to the mental foramen. It was bilateral and retromolar in one case. Retromolar foramen is distinct and may be bigger than the mental foramen. Attention to the accessory mental foramen is important during any oral surgical procedures, and this might reduce the rate of paralysis and hemorrhage in mental and cheek regions. 18% of female cases and 14.4% of male cases has proximity or even contact of molar roots with the mandibular canal. The lingual canal was observed in cone beam C.T in the inside of mental region extend internally from mandibular canal

Safety and efficacy of pentastarch 6% versus albumin 5% for acute normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries

Acute normovolemic hemodilution [ANH] has been used to decrease allogenic blood transfusion. ANH has different systemic effects that may include hemodynamic, oxygen transport variables, renal, hematological and acid base status. The effect of pentastarch [6% hydroxyethyl starch, MW: 200 kDa] versus human serum albumin [5%, MW: 69 kDa] as volume replacement solution after induction of anesthesia for major abdominnal surgery was assessed in this study. Eighty patients were divided into two groups; HES group [no = 40] received pentasarch and ALB group [no = 40] received albumin. Fifteen m1/kg of blood was removed and replaced simultaneously with the tested solutions to keep central venous pressure between 12-15 mmHg. Blood was reinfused before the end of operations. Total blood loss at 1st postoperative day was significantly higher in HES group [1198.5 +/- 354.3 vs. 1044.2 +/- 288.3 m1 in ALB group]. Significantly Higher amounts of the tested colloid [2084.7 +/- 408.6 in HES group vs. 1766.6 +/- 574.3 ml in ALB groups, 4 hrs postoperatively], crystalloids [5748.8 +/- 1165.3 in HES group vs. 5116.8 +/- 1309.8 ml in ALB group at 1 st postoperative day], FFP [243.6 +/- 29.7 in HES group vs. 123.5 +/- 25.3 ml in ALB group, at the end of surgery] and packed RBC [988.8 +/- 47.8 in HES group vs. 645.9 +/- 44.8 ml in ALB group, at the end of surgery] were used in HES group. HES group showed significantly higher cardiac index [3.9 +/- 0.9 in HES group vs. 3.4 +/- 1.0 1/min.m 2 in ALB group, at the completion of ANH], better preservation of SVRI [2052.3 +/- 251.5 in 5HES2 group vs. 1729.6 +/- 159.4 dyne.sec/cm5. m 2 in ALB group, at the completion of ANH]. Renal functions were better preserved in ALB group. Serum creatinine was significantly higher HES group [1.41 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.31 mg% in ALB group, at 3rd postoperative day]. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase [beta-NAG] was significantly higher in HES group [1.38 +/- 0.52] compared with ALB group [0.97 +/- 0.52] u/mmol creatinine] at the 3rd posstoperative day. alpha-1-microglobulin was significantly higher in HES group [19.7 +/- 9.3] compared with ALB group [15.2 +/- 9.3 mg/1] at the 3rd postoperative day. Activated PTT was significantly higher in HES group [44.8 +/- 4.4] compared with ALB group [40.5 +/- 4.7 sec] 4 hrs postoperatively. D-dimer was significantly higher in HES group [2.4 +/- 0.2] compared with ALB group [3.0 +/- 0.6 ng/1] at the 1st postoperative day. Thrombin/antithrombin III [TAT] was statistically higher in HES group [2.2 +/- 0.7] compared with ALB group [1.9 +/- 0.6 micro g/1] at the 1st postperative day. There was a state of metabolic acidosis in both groups with a significant difference in base-excess results [-3.2 +/- 1.5 in HES group vs. -4.1 +/- 1.3 mmo1/1 in ALB group] at the completion of ANH. We can conclude that both solution were safe and effective for performing ANH before major abdominal operations with the superiority of albumin over pentastarch

Infiltration with tramadol [1-5%] in comparison with lidocaine [1%] for minor surgery

Previous studies have shown that intradcrrnal tramadol 5% can provide a local anesthetic effect similar to prilocaine 2%. The aim of our study was to determine the most effective local anesthetic concentration of tramadol hydrochloride [1, 3, or 5%] without adverse effects compared with lidocaine 1%. Eighty adult patients scheduled for excision of cutaneous lesion under local anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups. The patients were assigned to receive intradermally either 1 ml of tramadol 1% [group I, n=20], lml of tramadol 3% [group II, n=20], 1 ml of tramadol 5% [group III, n=20] and 1 ml of lidocaine 1% [group IV, n=20]. The degree of sensory block to pin prick, light touch and cold were assessed after I minute of drug administration. Pain to surgical incision was evaluated by the patients using four point scale [0-3]. Local or systemic adverse effects of the drugs were recorded. There is no significant difference as regard to quality of the block between group III and IV in comparison to group I and II [tramadol 1-3%] fail to produce local anesthetic effect similar to that in group III and IV. There is increased incidence of local reaction [rash] in group III [five patients] when compared with group IV [one patient] P<0.05. Five patients complained of burning at site of injection in group III in comparison to three patients in group IV [P>0.05]. We conclude that intradermal tramadol 5% can produce a local anesthesia similar to lidocaine 1% but with high incidence of local adverse effect

Effect of laparoscopy on hepatic function

To asses the effects of laparoscopic surgery on liver function, plasma concentration of alcoholic dehydrogenase [AD] and glutathione s- transferase [GST] was measured, which are highly concentrated into centrilobular acinus of liver and are sensitive enzymes of hepatic hypoperfusion and hepatocellular damage. Fifty patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy [group A, n=25] or laparoscopic hysterectomy [group B, n=25] were studied. Perioperative AD, GST, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] in both groups was compared. Although the duration of pneumoperitoneum was longer in laparoscopic hysterectomy there was significant postoperative increase in AD and GST in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group at the end of procedure and 1 hour after surgery compared with the laparoscopic hysterectomy group. AST and ALT concentration were significantly higher in first postoperative day in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group than in the laparoscopic hysterectomy group. These results indicated that patient position and surgical manipulation of the liver affect significantly hepatic perfusion

Thyroid gland volume in infants, children and adults from Sharkia governorate: Ultrasonographic study

Thyroid ultrasonography has proven a useful and practical method for the assessment of thyroid size.Thyroid ultrasonography were carried out first to determine the standard thyroid volume in normal children and adolescents.Second to establish a standard growth curve of thyroid volume with respect to age, sex, height and weight. We effected sonographic examination of 220 patients [110 females and 110 males] from Sharkia governorate aged between 1 day and 18 years and body weight from 2.0 kg to 90.0 kg. In this study the volume of thyroid glands in newborn is 0.8 ml +/- 0.21 ml. Mean thyroid volume was found 5.5 ml +/- 0.61 ml in 6-8 years old, while it was 17.5 ml +/- 2.35 ml in 14-16 years old male and 15.3 ml +/- 2.51 in 14-16 years old female. The right lobe was larger than the left one in all age groups. Thyroid volume determined by ultrasound in control children increased with age up and was correlated with height and body weight

Morphometry of the lens development in albino rat

This study analysed pattern of growth of the lens by measuring the lens surface area, circumference and diameters in relation to the eye ball in albino rat at ten stages, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 20 days of embryonic development and 1, 7. 14 and 28 days of post-natal development. We used the recent technique DIAD [Digitizing and Image Analyzing Device] and runing the autocad program. Surface area of the lens increases during different stages of development and reachs its maximum percentage in relation to the eye ball during the 4[th] and 5[th] stages. Surface area of the lens at 10[th] stage is more than 60 folds than the 1[st] stage. Transverse diameter of the last stage is more than 8 times of the first stage. Anteroposterior diameter is nearly equal the transverse diameter up to the 5[th] stage then it declines. Significant age-related linear increas were found for all parameters