ABSTRACT
The aim of the current study was to formulate and evaluate glipizide controlled release matrix tablets by means of different grades of polymer Ethoceland different co-excipients in order to evaluate their effect on drug release profiles during in vitro dissolution studies. Type II diabetes mellitus is usually treated with Glipizide. Glipizide belongs to sulfonylurea group. Gastric disturbance and severe hypoglycemia has been observed after taking glipizide orally. To overcome these problems, controlled release matrices were developed using different grades of ethyl cellulose polymer with a drug-polymer ratio of 1: 3by the direct compression method. The effect on drug release of partial replacement of lactose by different co-excipients, HPMC K100M, starch and CMC, were also studied. Diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, weight variations, drug contents of formulations were tested, these properties were within prescribed limits. Co-excipients and polymer containing formulations were compared to the without co-excipients and polymer containing formulations with respect to their release profile. After a 24-hour release study, ethyl cellulose polymer containing formulation exhibited prolonged release for 5-16 hours; however the polymer Ethocel standard FP 7 Premium without co-excipient containing formulation exhibited controlled release for 24 hours. Incompatibility was investigated between drugs, co-excipient DSC and polymer study was performed and any type of interaction was not found. Different kinetic models were used to study the release mechanism. An enhanced release rate was observed in case of excipients containing formulations
ABSTRACT
Pharmacoeconomics has been defined as: the description and analysis of the cost of drug therapy to health care systems and society. Aim was to observe the Medication Therapy on the basis of Phamacoeconomics Analysis and to save the economic resources. This Descriptive Cross sectional study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, from May-August 2011. The case histories of 100 patients were scrutinized thoroughly specially with reference to socioeconomic history, Clinical laboratory tests, Medication history and treatment at hospital and discharge medications. After their collection, these case histories were analyzed with respect to Phamacoeconomics and compared with the world literature. A total of 100 patients were studied. Pharmacoeconomic analysis shows that in 49 Patients' medications were according to international standards while in 51 patients' medications prescribed were irrational. Mutual interaction between physician, surgeon, other healthcare professionals, and clinical pharmacist is necessary to assure rational medication therapy and positive response to therapy of each patient.