ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the role of Ramadan Specific Diabetes Education [RSDE] in the management of fasting patients with diabetes
Methods: This prospective study was carried out at out-patients department [OPD] of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology [BIDE], in 2012. Recruitment of patients started a month prior to Ramadan. Muslim patients with diabetes whether had their first or on follow up visit to the OPD and showed intention to hold fast in the month of Ramadan, were included. A printed broacher focused on six cardinal areas of fasting and diabetes identified in Ramadan specific guidelines was given to all participants. All patients had their first visit to the OPD [n=32] were also given RSDE on one-to-one basis [Group A]. Whereas patients had follow up visit were advised to attend a group session on RSDE. Those attended [n= 25] and those did not opt [n=45] the group session were included in Group B and Group C respectively. All participants were instructed to visit the OPD after Ramadan. Group D was constituted after Ramadan. It included patients who had not visited the OPD during induction period thus did not receive RSDE [n=76] they however hold fast in the month of Ramadan. Data regarding compliance to structured education through different modes was collected during post Ramadan visit
Results: Comparisons among groups who received education[A with B with C] revealed non-significant difference in self-monitoring of blood glucose, alteration of drug dosage and timing, appreciation of hypoglycemia and action taken on development of hypoglycemic symptoms. However, significant differences were noted when group who received education was compared individually with group who did not receive education
Conclusion: Patients who receive Pre-Ramadan diabetes education were found to be significantly better in following Ramadan specific diabetes management recommendations compared to patients who did not receive education. Further large scale studies are needed to validate our findings
ABSTRACT
The most important aetiological factor of periodontal disease is plaque deposition around gingival margin. The aim of the study was to investigate the negative changes in periodontal health [increase in pocket depth] of first molars in fixed orthodontic treatment and to discuss the available options to avoid it. Group A [6 month of treatment] comprised of 45 patients, compared to Group B [12 month of treatment] comprised of 45 patients. Initial pocket depth of first molars checked before placement of molar bands in both groups of patients, then for Group A patients pocket depth evaluated after 6 month of treatment and for Group B patients pocket depth evaluated after 12 month of treatment period. In patients with 6 months of treatment the pocket depth of molars mostly falls between 1.5 and 2.0 mm. In some severe cases it exceeded 3 mm. In patients at 12 months of treatment pocket depth was greater than 6 month group and it mostly fell in the range of 2.0-2.5 mm. Increase in pocket depth showed that plaque deposition leads to periodontal destruction around molar bands. Patient motivation to maintain oral hygiene and regular scaling will minimise hazardous effects