ABSTRACT
Background: Postnatal depression can affect health of among many mothers
Objective: To assess the frequency of depression among postnatal women in a tertiary care setting of Pakistan. Methodology: Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Two hundred and fifty Postnatal women were recruited voluntarily through Gynecology and Obstetrics ward Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. A structured Proforma was prepared and later screened through 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]. The results were analyzed through SPSS version 21. Frequency of depression was presented as percentage
Results: The mean age of the postnatal recruited women was 27.5 years. It was noted that 75 [30%] of the Postnatal women were depressed; among Primigravida [28%] and Multigravida [30%] have depression. Poverty, lack of social support, female children only and birth of female child were enlisted as common among the risk factors
Conclusion: The study showed that one third the mothers have postnatal depression. Hence effective preventive strategy should be opted by the health care professionals for early detection and management. In addition to, awareness, de-stigmatization and vigilant measures should be taken in the community in order to prevent the distress
ABSTRACT
The antibiotic resistance patterns of the seventy five clinical isolates were determined against five antibiotics including streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and vibramycin. The Gram negative isolates were found resistant to many antibiotics as compared to the Gram positive clinical isolates. Vibramycin was found to be the most effective against 90% of the Gram negative and all the Gram positive clinical isolates. Other antibiotics were found to have moderate to poor effect against the clinical isolates. The resistance of the clinical isolates was due to the presence of antibiotic resistant plasmid. This was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Resistant plasmid were studied for their curing by acridine orange. It was found that 66% of Gram negative and 64% Gram positive clinical isolates have plasmid and the higher resistance pattern was due to the presence of R-eplasmid