ABSTRACT
Background: Worldwide, more than 55,000 people die of rabies every year. 40% of people who are bitten by suspect rabid animals are children under 15 years of age. Dogs are the source of 99% of human rabies deaths. Rabies cases are not rare in Jodhpur. Jodhpur is situated in the North-Western part of Rajasthan. Jodhpur has an overall population of about 3.685 Million (Census-2011) and a literacy Rate of 67 %. Aims & Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the age and sex wise distribution of animal bite cases and to find out the distribution of victims on the basis of type of animal exposure and site of bite wounds. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. The animal bite patients attending the Anti-Rabies Clinic, M. G. Hospital, Jodhpur. The present study is a Hospital based study, carried out by interview and examination of the animal bite victims. The present study was carried out by interview and examination of the animal bite patients (Interview of attendants if the bite victim is a very young children) attending the ARC, M.G. Hospital, Jodhpur. Results: The study shows that maximum number of animal bite cases 1901 (44.75%) were in the adult males. In case of both the male and female children (less than 15 years age group) maximum number of animal bites 600 (42.46%) and 180 (41.66%) were on the trunk, whereas in case of adult males and adult females the most common site of the bite was lower limbs. Category III bite (exposure) was more common in 3088 (72.69%) cases. The most common biting animal is dog in 4062 (95.62%) cases. Maximum number 831 (19.56%) of animal bite cases have occurred in the 6 to 10 years age group children. Conclusion: The study shows that adult males have higher incidence of animal bite than the adult females. This is due to the more outdoor activity of the males. The most common biting animal is dog and the most common site of bite is lower limbs in adults. The study also shows that Category III bites (exposure) were more common.
ABSTRACT
Background: H1N1 infection is a viral infection and it is communicable from an infected person to the susceptible contacts. A large number of H1N1 cases and deaths had been reported in districts of western Rajasthan during the pandemic of H1N1 influenza in the year 2009-10. In 2012-2013 also, Influenza ‘A’ H1N1 virus once again has reappeared in western Rajasthan. Aims & Objective: To review deaths due to H1N1 Positive patients in Hospitals attached with Medical College. Material and Methods: The present study was a hospital based study. The study was conducted by taking information from H1N1positive patients and their relatives from Umed, M.G., M.D.M., and Chest & T. B. Hospitals of Jodhpur from 1st January, 2012 to 20th March, 2013. During our study period, 1877 samples were collected from the suspected Outdoor and Indoor patients of hospitals. The collected samples were transported in VTM (viral Transport Media) to the testing Laboratories of Medical College/ Desert Medicine Research Centre (DMRC), Jodhpur and subjected to RT-PCR technique for the detection of H1N1 Influenza virus. Results: Out of 1877 samples collected during our study period, 375 samples were found positive. The study shows an H1N1 case positivity rate of 19.97%. During the study period, 68 patients died of H1 N1 infection with a Case fatality rate of 18.13%. Out of 68 H1N1 positive patients’ deaths, deaths were more (45; 66.16%) in female than in male (23; 33.82%). Out of 45 women who died of H1N1 infection, 33.82% (23) of the women were pregnant. The study also reveals a higher incidence of H1N1 infection and mortality in younger age group. Conclusion: The Influenza A (H1N1) virus is still present two years after year 2009-10 pandemic. It has become a ubiquitous virus in the districts of Western Rajasthan region of India. In the event of new influenza outbreaks, hygienic and containment measures must be quickly and correctly implemented in order to avoid an epidemic.