ABSTRACT
Background: Timely given feedback is useful for cognitive performance during academic learning. Immediatefeedback is more effective than delayed feedback. Immediate problem solving is acceptable than massknowledge transfer.Aim and Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of immediate feedback during clinical examination forimprovement of cognitive learning and skills of 1st MBBS students.Methodology: Immediate feedback versus no feedback was checked during formative practical test. Immediatefeedback was given to one practical batch (B Batch= 32 students) of 1st MBBS students during theirformative practical test. At the same time feedback was not given to second batch (A Batch= 33 students)of same academic year. Evaluation of feedback was done during next formative practical examinations.Formative Physiology practical examination was taken by Objective structured practical examination (OSPE).Results: Students of study group (B batch, n=32) who received individual face to face feedback performedwell as compared to control group (A batch, n=33) who didn’t received feedback. The marks of clinicalexamination for study group, before feedback was 12.12±2.19 and after the feedback was 17.59±1.72.Difference between the marks of two exams in study group is 5.4 and it is around 27.35%. The marks ofcontrol group at the time of initial exam was 14.09±3.18 and during next exam was 16.39±1.86. Differencebetween the marks of two exams in control group is 2.3 and it was around 11.5%.Conclusions: Results showed that immediate feedback during clinical (practical) assessment had a statisticallysignificant positive effect on learning gains. Immediate verbal feedback is positively associated with learning.In order to facilitate role of immediate verbal feedback during formative assessment needs further supportiveevidence from large longitudinal studies from multicenter.
ABSTRACT
Background:Meditation has been practiced all over the world, to increase calmness and physical relaxation, to improve psychological balance, to cope with illness, or to enhance overall health and well-being.Meditation is a practice where one focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state. It has been shown by previous studies that meditation influences autonomic 2nervous system (ANS). ANS plays a vital role in regulation of various cardiovascular parameters like pulse and blood pressure. The present study was designed toobserve the effect of meditation, on cardiovascular parameters like pulse and blood pressure.Aims and objectives: To study the effect of meditation on resting pulse and blood pressure in normal subjects. Methodology:Permission of institutional ethical committee was taken before study. Subjects included 100 healthy meditators and 100 healthy non meditators. Resting cardiovascular parameters like pulse and blood pressure was measured in both groups and compared. The data was analysedusing demo version of SPSS 20.0 to obtain the arithmetic mean for age, height, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate. Results:The mean values of resting cardiovascular parameters like heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure were statistically significantly less in meditators than non-meditators. Conclusion:Regular meditation increases parasympathetic dominance in our body and reduces the sympathetic drive. This result in better cardiac reserve in meditators compared to non-meditators. Also, regular meditation helps meditators to combat anxiety and stress effectively