ABSTRACT
Dental fear is defined as the patient’s specific reaction towards stress related to dental treatment in which the stimulus is unknown. Aim of the study: To analyze the causative factor of fear during endodontic treatment. Methods: A simple random sampling technique was used for the study and a sample size of 141 patients with an age group of 12-65 years, attending outpatient the Department of Operative Dentistry. The survey done was based on 5 questionnaires before and during endodontic treatment. Results: The percentage of the females was 55% while the males were 45% of the patients attending dental office, 57% of the patients were found not afraid of attending dental office, 62% of the patients were found afraid of seeing the anesthetic needle, 59% of the patients were feeling pain during removal of pulp, 55% of the patients were found not afraid of sensation of file introduced in the canal, and 57% of the patients experienced unpleasant taste of endodontic materials. Conclusion: The present study concluded that seeing the anesthetic needle, feeling pain during removing the pulp and experiencing the unpleasant taste of endodontic materials were the most causative factors respectively for the fear of endodontic treatment.
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To investigate and access the pattern of routine endodontic practice among the Dental practitioners in the Kashmir province. Methods: A survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire and circulated among 334 dental practitioners through email. The response was collected, accumulated and analysed statistically. Results: A total of 178 (53%) dentists responded to the questionnaire that was emailed to them. 63% practitioners were males and only 37% were females. Only 10% of dental practitioners used isolation method as rubber dam. 56% of the dental practitioners were skilled in rotary endodontics. 70% of the practitioners used conventional ZOE sealer for obturation. Conclusion: Current qualitative endodontic guidelines in the established countries differ a lot as compared to the dental practise in this region. There is a shortage of endodontic equipments and materials in Government hospitals or public dental offices. Private dental offices are at much better positions. More of the innovations, latest concepts and techniques need to be incorporated into the dental practice of the dentists in Kashmir.
ABSTRACT
Microleakage is considered to be an important factor influencing the longevity of dental restorations. Bulk Fill composites possess specific characteristics, including more desirable flowability to attain consistent adaptation to the cavity preparation. Elasticity and low polymerization shrinkage in bulk fills minimizes microleakage, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries. Improved depth of curing of at least 4 mm eliminates the need for layering. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the microleakage in two Bulk Fill composites - SonicFill (Kerr corp. USA) and TetricEvo Ceram Bulk Fill (IvoclarVivadent) using stereomicroscope. Methods: 40 caries/cracks free extracted human maxillary premolars were used. A class 1 cavity measuring 3mm by 3mm by 2mm was prepared in all the teeth and then teeth were divided into 2 groups of 20 each, Group I: SonicFill Bulk Fill composite and Group II: TetricEvo Ceram Bulk Fill composite. All specimens have been thermocycled for one thousand cycles (5/55ºC, 30 seconds) in Eppendorf Master Cycler gradient (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany). All samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. Teeth were sectioned mesio-distally and observed under a stereomicroscope and dye leakage scored. Results: The mean microleakage of SonicFill(KERR) was 1.75 and of TetricEvoCeram (IVOCLAR) was 2.55.The mean microleakage was higher in Teric EvoCeram than in Sonic fill and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that Sonic Bulk Fill composite shows lesser microleakage than Tetric EvoCeram.
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To assess calcium and phosphate loss from enamel using 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel with additional application of light emitting diode (LED), Diode laser and Nano-Pulsed Cold laser (NPCL) light sources compared to that of 37.5% HP alone using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Methods: Twenty teeth were sectioned to obtain mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal and distopalatal specimens. The specimens were randomly assigned to four equal groups. 37.5% HP of 1mm thickness was applied to the enamel surface of each specimen. Each group received three cycles of bleaching of 8 minute’s duration. Group II, III & IV received additional application of LED, Diode laser & cold laser light respectively. Results: Data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Group III showed the maximum loss of ions while Group IV showed the least loss and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: Teeth treated with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide with application of Nano-Pulsed Cold Laser (NPCL) light presented with significantly minimal calcium and phosphate loss
ABSTRACT
ackground: The ability of an endodontic rotary file to stay centered in the curved root canal system is one of the most important aspects of shaping of root canal as it influences the outcome of the subsequent phases of irrigation, disinfection, obturation and overall success of root canal treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate root canal centering ability of four thermally treated rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instrument systems (ProTaper NEXT, ProTaper Gold, Dia-X Files and Neoendo Flex Files) on extracted human teeth. Methods:Forty eight separate mesial root canals from extracted mature mandibular first molars identified with having apical curvature angles of 20°–35° were selected. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed and canals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 teeth each. Group 1: ProTaper Gold (PTG) rotary files, Group 2: ProTaper NEXT (PTN) rotary files, Group 3: Dia-X (D-X) Rotary Files and Group 4: Neoendo Flex (NE) rotary Files. Root canal instrumentation was performed with all the four NiTi rotary files. Post instrumentation CBCT was performed. Root canal centering ratios were assessed by a standardized technique for individual groups at 9, 6 and 3mm levels of root canals. Results: ProTaper Gold files and Dia-X files resulted in significantly better canal centering ability than the Neoendo files and ProTaper NEXT files. (P<0.05). Conclusion: ProTaper Gold files and Dia-X files exhibited better centering ability than Neoendo files and ProTaper NEXT files at all levels of the root canal.
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Background: The relation of maxillary posterior teeth roots to the maxillary sinus floor is important for diagnosing and planning of many surgical procedures. The anatomical proximity of the root apices of the maxillary posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus floor may favor the development of inflammatory, infectious and/or traumatic alterations in the maxillary sinus. Objective: To correlate the topographic relationship of the maxillary sinus floor to the posterior teeth roots using panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Panoramic and CBCT images of 30 patients were analyzed. The relationship between the posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus and panoramic radiography signs associated with protrusion of root apices into the sinus were evaluated following Kwak et al. (2004) classification. Results: The OPG showed statistically significant (P>0.001) longer root projection in the sinus cavity in comparison with the root protrusion into the sinus measured by using CBCT images. It was found that cbct was statistically more significant than OPG. Given the limitations of panoramic radiography being a 2D radiography. Conclusion: CBCT is reliable in assessment of topographic relationship of maxillary sinus floor with the posterior teeth in comparision with panoramic radiography CBCT is indicated to provide the information about the relation to the maxillary sinus floor when there is protrusion detected in panoramic images.
ABSTRACT
Background: Root canal preparation procedure must preserve the canal’s original anatomy by respecting its initial curvature and creating a continuously tapering funnel. 1The shaping of curved canals remains a major challenge for clinicians, and is one of the most important steps of endodontic therapy.The two single-file systems used in our study are WaveOne and Reciproc in reciprocal motion. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of establishing glide path on the centering ability and preparation time of two different Nickel-Titanium single file systems in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Methods: Eighty extracted mandibular molars with curvatures of 20-35 degrees and were divided into four groups (n=15); WaveOne+glide path; WaveOne; Reciproc+glide path and Reciproc. Non-patent canals were excluded and only one canal in each tooth was instrumented. A manual glide path was established in first and third groups with #10, 15 hand K-files. Preparation was performed with reciprocating in-and-out motion, with a 3-4 mm amplitude and slight apical pressure. Initial and final photographs were taken to analyze the amount of dentin removed in the instrumented canals. The centering ability of the rotary instruments was evaluated using the computer program Corel draw X6 software. Results: No statistically significant differences were found with regards to the centering ability between the four groups or amongst the ay three different locations coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canals. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that a manual glide path increased the total time involved in preparation of curved canals with WaveOne and Reciproc instruments. A glide path had no influence on the centering ability of these two single-file systems.
ABSTRACT
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a type of radiation therapy used to treat tumors, vascular malformations and pain disorders. Gamma Knife radiosurgery utilizes specialized equipment which focuses 201 narrow beams of radiation on a tumor or other target. Although each beam has very little effect on the tissue it passes through, a strong dose of radiation is delivered to the site where all the beams meet. The precision of GKRS results in minimal damage to healthy tissues surrounding the target; thus having a lower risk of side effects compared with other types of radiation therapy. GKRS can be used to treat benign and malignant tumors, arteriovenous malformations, brain metastases and functional disorders such as trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, especially in idiopathic and medically refractory cases. It manages these conditions non-invasively, without the pain and risk of complication associated with traditional surgery with most patients being able to resume normal activities the following day. GKRS is also known as stereotactic radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cleaning and shaping is a critical aspect of endodontic treatment as it influences the outcome of the subsequent phases of canal irrigation and filling and the success of the treatment itself. The goal of instrumentation is to produce a continuously tapered preparation that maintains the canal anatomy, without any deviation from the original canal curvature, facilitating optimal irrigation, debridement, and placement of local medicaments and permanent root filling, at the same time retaining the integrity of the radicular structures. AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the shaping ability of four different Nickel-Titanium single file systems in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Methods: Eighty freshly extracted mandibular molars, extracted for periodontal reasons were used for the study A muffle-block was constructed as given by Aviad et al.[59] After sealing the apices with wax, the canals were mounted in the muffleblock using self-cure acrylic resin. After complete polymerization of the resin, the block was removed from the model. The blocks were sectioned horizontally at three sites (coronal, middle and apical) by a thin cutting disk (0.3-mm thick) at two levels: one 3 mm from the apex and the other 6 mm from the apex. The disk was mounted on an electric saw (CIRSAW, Confident Dental Equipments Ltd, India) for cutting the blocks. Photographs were taken of all three cross-sections of each tooth using a DSLR Camera (Nikon Digital, Tokyo, Japan) at a fixed position. The sections were reassembled in the muffle. The specimens were randomly divided into the following four groups: Group l: Prepared using Reciproc rotary files. Group 2: Prepared using WaveOne rotary files. Group 3: Prepared using OneShape rotary files. Group 4: Prepared using F6 SkyTaper rotary files. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the use of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments resulted in significantly better canal centering ability than the use of OneShape instruments and F6 SkyTaper (P < 0.05) Reciproc and WaveOne exhibited less canal transportation than OneShape and F6 SkyTape There were no significant differences in the canal transportation between Reciproc and WaveOne. And also no significant difference between OneShape and F6 SkyTaper. One Shape instruments required significantly less time to prepare the root canals followed by Reciproc, WaveOne and F6 SkyTaper (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Reciproc and WaveOne instruments respected the original canal curvature better than OneShape and F6 SkyTaper files.