Recurrence rate with use of intraoperative Mitomycin-C versus Conjunctival Autograft following pterygium excision

To determine the recurrence rate following Conjunctival Autograft versus Mitomycin C for pterygium excision. Fifty Patients in this Randomized Clinical Trial who underwent pterygium excision from July 2013 to October 2013 at Department of Ophthalmology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Keamari, Karachi were included. All patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination before surgery. Few drops of lidocaine were instilled, subconjunctival xylocaine 2% was injected. The pterygium was then excised from bulabar conjunctiva and peeled off from the corneal surface. Mitomycin C was applied to bare sclera in group A and Conjunctival autograft taken from superior bulbar conjunctiva of same eye was sutured to the bare sclera in group B. Data for pterygium recurrence was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Among the 50 patients operated 64% [n=32] were male and 36% [n=18] female. Their age ranged from 28 - 58 years with mean age 44.8 years. Right eye was affected in 54% [n= 27] patients and left in 46% [n= 23]. In group "A" [intraoperative MMC] conjunctival granuloma was noted in 1[4%], pterygium recurrence 4[16%] and ocular irritation was experienced by 5[20%] patients. In group "B" [CAG] graft retraction was seen in 2[8%], patients, 1[4%] patients experienced persistent redness over the grafted tissue and pterygium recurrence was seen in 2[8%] patient. All of them were followed at day 1, week 1, week 4 and week 12. Both Conjunctival Autograft and Mitomycin C are effective in reducing the recurrence of pterygium but CAG gives better cosmetic results, the only drawback with it is the duration of the procedure

Branch retinal vein occlusion

Retinal vein occlusions [RVO] are the second commonest sight threatening vascular disorder. Branch retinal vein occlusion [BRVO] and central retinal vein occlusion [CRVO] are the two basic types of vein occlusion. Branch retinal vein occlusion is three times more common than central retinal vein occlusion and- second only to diabetic retinopathy as the most common retinal vascular cause of visual loss. The origin of branch retinal vein occlusion undoubtedly includes both systemic factors such as hypertension and local anatomic factors such as arteriovenous crossings. Branch retinal vein occlusion causes a painless decrease in vision, resulting in misty or distorted vision. Current treatment options don't address the underlying aetiology of branch retinal vein occlusion. Instead they focus on treating sequelae of the occluded venous branch, such as macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage and traction retinal detachment from neovascularization. Evidences suggest that the pathogenesis of various types of retinal vein occlusion, like many other ocular vascular occlusive disorders, is a multifactorial process and there is no single magic bullet that causes retinal vein occlusion. A comprehensive management of patients with retinal vascular occlusions is necessary to correct associated diseases or predisposing abnormalities that could lead to local recurrences or systemic event. Along with a review of the literature, a practical approach for the management of retinal vascular occlusions is required, which requires collaboration between the ophthalmologist and other physicians: general practitioner, cardiologist, internist etc. as appropriate according to each case

Review of 560 cases of Yag laser capsulotomy

To review the pattern of different types of posterior capsular opacification and relative frequency of complications after YAG laser capsulotomy. Descriptive case series. Ziauddin Medical University and Dr. Akil Bin Abdul Kadir Welfare Eye Hospital, Karachi from May 2002 to June 2004. Five hundred and sixty patients were treated for capsular opacification with Neodymium YAG [Nd: YAG] laser during study period. All procedures were done on Ziess Visual YAG II Plus. After capsulotomy, the visual acuity improved in 526 patients [93.92%] and no improvement was seen in 34[6.08%] patients. Out of 560 patients, 314[56.07%] patients presented with Elschnig Pearls, 237[42.33%] had capsular fibrosis and 9[1.60%] had capsular wrinkling. The main complications were temporary increase in intraocular pressure [5 mm Hg or more] and mild anterior uveitis. However, these complications were found to be transient in nature, with most of these patients settling down during first week of their treatment. Four patients developed retinal detachment, eight showed long term elevation of intraocular pressure and 2 developed cystoid macular edema. Nd: YAG laser is an effective and safe method for the management of posterior capsular opacification