ABSTRACT
Objective: Suicide is a major public health problem with little information about the role of personality characteristics of people who chemically commit suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits in the chemical suicide attempters
Methods: In a case-control study, 100 patients with attempted suicide selected by convenience sampling were compared to 100 normal subjects as a control group selected by consecutive sampling in terms of personality traits using short form 5-factor questionnaire of NEO
Results: Suicide attempters got significantly higher scores in neuroticism and also lower scores in extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness [P<0.01] compared to normal individuals. Interaction effects of group membership by sex revealed that male suicide attempters had always higher neuroticism levels and lower extraversion and openness [P<0.05] compared to the other sex group
Conclusion: The findings accurately identified the basic personality dimensions influencing the antisocial phenomenon and provided approaches for prevention and treatment of suicide attempters
ABSTRACT
Organic brain pathology usually may be followed by mental disorders. This research was aimed at constructing a predictive model and investigating the risk factors in the incidence of mental disorders after traumatic brain injury [TBI]. Two hundred and thirty eight patients [195 males and 43 females] were entered the study in a descriptive-longitudinal design by non-probable and consecutive sampling method. They were undergone neurosurgical examinations and psychological evaluations. After a 4-month follow-up, 65.1% of the patients [N=155] referred to a psychiatrist in order to determine the nature of mental disorder following TBI, using a structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. 75.48% [117 cases] of patients had a form of mental disorder secondary to TBI. The Results of binary logistic regression analyses for calculating odds ratio [OR] model with 95% confidence interval [CI] indicating the severity of TBI [OR=3.497, 95% CI=1.259-9.712], presence of subcranial injury [OR=2.834, 95% CI=1.022-7.857] and falling level of general compatibility, as measured by modified version of GHQ-28 [OR=1.072, 95% CI=1.035-1.111] indicated an increasing risk in the incidence of mental disorder. Findings revealed that in the development of post-TBI mental disorders, first there was a close relationship with organic brain pathology [TBI severity and subcranial injury], although the role of effective psychological factors such as level of general compatibility after trauma should not be neglected. Also in order to predict the people at risk of mental disorders after TBI, the proposed predictive model in this study can be used
ABSTRACT
The pain self-efficacy scale assesses the patient's confidence in his ability to complete daily living activities despite pain. Current research aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version for pain Self-Efficacy Scale in chronic low back pain [CLBP] patients. This study was descriptive and validation type. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling through 160 CLBP patients referring to Poursina Hospital in Rasht, North of Iran, in 2010. Subjects completed the Visual Analog Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Short Form of the Depression Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Factor structure of the Pain Self-Efficacy Scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construction [divergent and convergent] and predictive validity of this scale were also examined. Internal consistency of scale was excellent [?=0.91], test-retest reliability coefficient equivalent of 0.73 and coefficient of item-total correlation were obtained for each item in acceptable range of 0.73 to 0.78. Results of factor analysis indicating a factor called "Pain Self-Efficacy" that accounted for 65.16% of the total variance with minimal factor loading of 0.73. Scores of self-efficacy scale predicted a significant proportion of the variance in scores on measures of kinesiophobia, depression, disability, and coping strategies even after controlling for confounding effects of age, duration and intensity of pain and duration of medication use. Moreover, they were correlated with these variables from expected aspects. Findings suggest that Persian version of pain self-efficacy scale has satisfactory psychometric properties which is applicable in research and clinical situations relating to CLBP patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Low Back Pain/psychology , Self Efficacy , Validation Studies as Topic , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis [MS] disease. Since fatigue can cause a great deal of problems it create can causea variety of psychological symptoms particularly depression, anxiety and stress as well, that quality of daily lives, endanger. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relation between fatigue severity and psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with MS. In this descriptive-correlational study, 76 patients with MS with a mean age of 34.02 +/- 9.42 [16-58 year], a member of Guilan province MS association, were selected consecutively. At first, all patients completed the questionnaire of demographic information, and then they were evaluated by the Fatigue Severity Scale [Fatigue Severity Scale], depression, anxiety, Stress Scale [depression, anxiety, stress scale-21] and Quality of Life questionnaire [Short Form-36]. Correlational analyses indicated a significant association between fatigue severity and patient's age, depression, anxiety and stress [p<0.05] and quality of life [p<0.01], While there were no significant relations between fatigue severity and duration of MS. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that only the factor of quality of life as a selected variable in final model could explain 27% of the shared variance of fatigue severity results [p=0.002]. The findings showed that regardless of other variables, the levels of quality of life are predictor of fatigue severity in patients with MS. Therefore it is suggested in these patients psychotherapy based on improvement of quality of life for decrease of the levels of fatigue be set as the central aim of psychological interventions.
ABSTRACT
The main question of this study is that why some patients with traumatic brain injury [TBI], suffer mental disorders even after recovery from physical problems, while others with some similar characteristics do not receive the diagnosis of any mental disorders. In this study which was performed from March to February 2010 in the Poursina Medical and Educational Center of Rasht city overall, 238 patients [43 females and 195 males] with TBI in the form of a descriptive-longitudinal study, were chosen by non-random, consecutive sampling. Each patient was evaluated by Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcome scale,Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised [WAIS-R]vocabulary and picture completion subtests, Mini-Mental State Examination and General health questionnaire. After 4 months of follow-up, 65.1% [155 cases] of patients were referred to a psychiatrist to determine the nature of mental disorder due to TBI, using check list for structured clinical interview based on diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders-IV [DSM-IV] diagnostic criteria. The results showed that two group of patients [with and without mental disorders] were significantly different in variables such as level of consciousness [P<0.001], duration of loss of consciousness [P<0.003], duration of confined inintensive care unit [P<0.005], length of hospitalization [P<0.013] and levels of General compatibility after the trauma [P<0.0001] 4 months after TBI. Planning effective interventions, inclusion in the neurobehavioral rehabilitation processes following TBI and also monitoring and evaluation of these patients at least four months after trauma can reduce the risk of mental disorders