The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review / 대한치과교정학회지

Objective@#To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies. @*Methods@#Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis. @*Results@#The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0−4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common. @*Conclusions@#The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America.The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.

The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review / 대한치과교정학회지

Objective@#To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies. @*Methods@#Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis. @*Results@#The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0−4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common. @*Conclusions@#The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America.The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.

Pregnancy outcome after difficult embryo transfer in IVF-ET cycles

Background: Embryo transfer [ET] is one of the most crucial steps in IVF/ICSI treatment. Although it, apparently, seems simple, it is an integral part of IVF/ICSI and can affect the outcome of the whole treatment cycle. The majority of couples [approximately 80%] who undergo IVF reach the ET stage, yet few pregnancies occur. The pregnancy rate after ET is dependent on multiple factors including embryo quality, endometrial receptivity, and the technique of the ET

Aim of the Work: The aim of the current study is to investigate the clinical and ongoing clinical pregnancy rates in women who experience difficult embryo transfer [ET] after IVF/ICSI cycle

Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Dar Al-Teb Infertility and IVF Center between January 2017 and January 2018. The study included 417 women planned to undergo ET

Results: The biochemical, clinical and ongoing clinical pregnancy rates were significantly lower in women who had difficult ET when compared to women who had easy ET [ORs 0.5, 95% CI [0.31 to 0.83]; 0.48, 95% CI [0.29 to 0.79]; 0.36, 95% CI [0.21 to 0.62]; respectively]

Conclusion: Difficult ET is associated with significantly reduced biochemical, clinical and ongoing clinical pregnancy rates

Recommendations: ET should be smooth with easy passage of the transfer catheter. Since any uterine manipulation during ET adversely affects IVF results, therefore precaution should be taken to identify possibly difficult ET cases in advance

Beneficial impacts of chick pea, faba bean and kidney bean seeds and their blend on biological parameters of hyperglycemic albino rats

The present work was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of three common legumes used at high level in Egypt and their blend. Chick pea [Cicer arientum], faba bean [Vicia faba], kidney bean [phaseolus vulgaris] powders and their mixture [by 1: 1: 1 of each] were used at 30% level in the diet of alloxanized diabetic rats. Feeding was continued for 6 weeks. It was recorded that chick pea was the most patent legume in reducing serum glucose [54.87% decrease compared to diabetic control group, but still more than normal control], followed by the mixture, then kidney bean and the least was faba bean diets. Since the legume mixture diet was not the best, and absence of a synergetic hypoglycemic effect may be concluded. Hypoglycemic effect could not be related to the level of crude fiber, which was highest in faba bean diet. Hyperglycemia raised TL, TC, TG, VLDL-c and LDL-c while declined HDL-c. As indicated by Al values, chick pea followed by kidney bean group corrected the Al values, which were even less than that of normal control, while incomplete correction recorded for the mixture and faba bean groups, although both reduced Al values compared to diabetic control rats. The present effects of legume diets may be due to the lower C18:1 / C18:2 FA which accompanied less serum glucose and Al. GOT and GPT were stimulated by hyperglycemia, and these stimulations were reduced by feeding on tested legumes. Kidney bean and chick pea raised the BWG, Fl and FER, while the mixture showed less improvement of these parameters which may be due to inclusion of faba bean. Faba bean [at 30% level] alone decreased Fl pronouncedly and showed negative values for BWG and FER. Legumes diets more or less corrected the changes in the internal organs relative weight due to hypercholesterolemia. Sensory evaluation of toast bread samples prepared with replacement wheat flour at 30% by different legumes. Panelists preferred chick pea and kidney bean breads, followed by that of the mixture legume powder

Functional properties of whey protein in bread in the presence of glucose oxidase and ascorbic acid

The main objective of the present study was to determine the influence of whey protein on the final bread product characteristics and to investigate the effect of different treatments for improving its functionality. The specific objectives were to study the functional properties of whey protein in bread making system, determine the baking performance of whey protein in the presence of glucose oxidase at different levels [200-300 GoDu/kg], determine the baking performance of whey protein in the presence of ascorbic acid [20ppm] and determine the functional properties of whey protein in the present of both glucose oxidase and ascorbic acid. In this study 12 treatment as well as control samples were prepared using 2 levels of whey protein [2% 4%] and 2 levels of glucose oxidase [200-300 GoDu/Kg] glucose oxidase and ascorbic acid at [20 ppm]. The products were subjected to chemical, objective, organoleptic and nutritive value evaluations. Results showed that bread volume increased upon the addition of [2%] whey protein and ascorbic acid [20ppm] while decreased in the addition of whey protein at [4%] and ascorbic acid at level [20 ppm]. Weight is increased upon the addition of whey protein at level [4%] with ascorbic acid at level [20 ppm] and upon using glucose oxidase at level [300 GoDu/Kg]. Degree of staling decreased upon using the level of [2%] whey protein. Results showed that with and without using glucose oxidase there was a decrease in moisture content and increase in protein, fat and ash contents at the level of [4%] whey protein in the presence of glucose oxidase at high level. Sensory evaluation results indicated that samples prepared with [2% whey protein + 20 ascorbic acid + 200 glucose oxidase] and [4% whey protein + 20 ascorbic acid +300 glucose oxidase] had better color and taste compared to the other prepared samples. The present study recommended the beneficial use of whey protein to fortify bakery products in the presence of glucose oxidase [300 GoDuIKg] and ascorbic acid [20 ppm] to maintain good quality

Casbases, DNA fragmentation, and oxidative stress: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and relationship with the maternal risk factors and perinatal outcome

For preeclampsia [PE], no specific etiological factor has been defined until now. This study focused on the implication of some apoptotic and lipid peroxidation markers in PE. In addition to malondialdehyde [MDA] measurement in the serum, the MDA, caspases-8, -9 activities and % DNA fragmentation were measured in fifty human term normal and PE placentas. In vitro MDA formation was assessed in relation to time and the presence of prooxidants [FeCl2, low dose of aseorbate] and the antioxidant alpha- tocopherol. The MDA, % DNA fragmentation and craspase-9 activity were significantly increased in PE than control women. The serum MDA was significantly elevated in PE women delivered by cesarean section [C.S.] than vaginally delivered PE women. The addition of 0.5 mM Fe2+ , 0.1 mM ascorbate caused increase production sf MDA in PE than normal placentas [P < 0.015]. Vitamin E [100 micro M] caused significantly lower inhibition of in vitro lipid peroxidation in PE placentas. The % DNA fragmentation and caspase-9 activity were related to the severity of the PE [ANOVA test]. They could differentiate between PE and control women with 100%, 88% sensitivity and 100%, 96% specificity respectively. Caspases-8 and/or -9 activity positively correlates with the maternal age and negatively correlates with neonatal and placental weights

Conclusion: in preeclampsia, the placenta represents a considerable source of the elevated circulating MDA. The enhanced apoptosis correlates with the maternal age and perinatal outcome

Growth in children with chronic renal failure and transplantation

Growth retardation is major problem for many children with chronic renal failure [CRF] and transplantation. The aim of this study is to assess the relation between height, glomerular filtration rate [GFR], hormonal alterations in children with CRF on regular hemodialysis [EID] and the impact of normal graft function after kidney transplantation Eighteen children with mean age of 10.5623.08 years suffered from CRF maintained on HD were included in the study beside 16 children [mean age 11.06 +/- 3.19yr] enjoyed normal graft function after transplantation Mean duration on HD was 14.72 +/- 7.73 months for CRF group while, mean interval after transplantation was 1.97 +/- 0.9 yews for the second group. Moreover, ten healthy children of matched age and sex were served as control. Assessment of growth parameters including height, expressed as standard deviation scores [HtSDS] for chronological age, measurement of serum growth hormone [hGH] and serum parathormone [PTH] by radioimmunoassay. Growth performance was evaluated twice: at the start of the study and one year later. Both categories with CRF and transplantation had significantly higher levels of serum hGH and PTH compared to their control [P<0.001] while CRF children had significantly higher serum levels of hGH and PTH compared to those with normal graft function [P<0.008 and P<0.001 respectively]. Furthermore, analysis of our results by non-parametric Kendall's correlation at the start and one year later revealed negative correlation concerning dialysis duration, serum creatinine and PTH. On the other hand, positive correlation was achieved for serum calcium and GFK

Conclusion: growth retardation in children with CRF despite the normal or elevated hGH level may be explained by the presence of peripheral ; insensitivity to the action of hGH

Evaluation of serum cytokeratin 19 as a tumor marker in patients with primary liver malignancy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of cytokeratin 19 related tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 in the sera of patients with chronic liver diseases [chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis] and primary hepatic malignancy and to find if it could be a significant tumor marker that can be used in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. The study was carried out on 69 patients attending Gastroenterology Centre, Mansoura University, in addition to 18 healthy controls. The selected subjects were divided into the following groups: Group I: included 18 patients with chronic viral C hepatitis. Group II: included 17 patients with liver cirrhosis. Group Il: included 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Group IV: included 20 patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Group IV: included 20 patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Group V: The control group and included 18 apparently healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected from all patients as well as healthy volunteers, and the separated serum was divided into aliquots. One part was used immediately for the determination of liver function tests [serum albumin, total serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase]. The rest of the aliquots were stored frozen at -20 degree C until assayed for serum levels of Cytokeratin 19 fragment [CYFRA 21-1] and levels of a fetoprotein [AFP] by electro chemiluminescent immunoassay. The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant increase in CYFRA 21-1 level in CC group when compared with viral hepatitis [P<0.001], liver cirrhosis group [P-0.001] and with HCC group [P-<0.001], but there was no significant difference in CYFRA 21-1 level in HCC group when compared with viral hepatitis group, liver cirrhosis group. A significant positive correlation was found between CYFRA 21-1 and total bilirubin and AST in CC [P=0.006; [tau]b= 0.442 and [P=0.005; [tau]b=0.453]. At the same time, there was non-significant correlation between CYFRA 21-1 and AFP in all studied groups. In the present study, serum CYFRA 21-1 levels exceeded 4 ng/ml [double the upper limit of normal controls] in 11.1% of patients with viral hepatitis, 29.4% of patients with liver cirrhosis, 21.4% of patients with HCC and 60% of patients with CC. To compare the ability of both AFP and CYFRA 21-1 in differentiating primary malignant liver tumors, we have performed Receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curves. From the data of ROC curve we can found that CYFRA 21-1 is superior to AFP in the diagnosis of CC from other primary liver malignancy as HCC. On the other hand, AFP was superior in differentiating HCC from CC. From the present study, we can conclude that the measurement of serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 can be utilized in the differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma from other primary liver malignancies. So, we recommend the measurement of serum level of CYFRA 21-1 in all patients with hepatic mass to differentiate between hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, particularly the liver biopsy is not preferred. When the serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 increase in some patients with benign liver diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis on top of chronic viral hepatitis C infection, this may attract attention towards the possibility of malignant transformation