Coronary angiographic findings in patients with complete left bundle branch block in Erbil city /Iraq

The goal of this study was to determine the association of complete left bundle branch block [LBBB], site, severity and risk factors of coronary artery disease [CAD]. Complete Left bundle branch block increases the risk of cardiac mortality, and prognosis is primarily determined by the underlying CAD. Because the presence of complete LBBB makes the noninvasive identification of CAD less informative, patients with complete LBBB often are referred for coronary angiography to assess the presence and severity of CAD. A total of 150 consecutive patients with complete LBBB admitted to the coronary care unit were enrolled from the age of 27 to 81 years with the mean age of 59.32 +/- 10.5. Male 84 [56%], Female [44%]. History, basal investigations echocardiography and virology screen were performed. Coronary angiography has been done for all patients for different reasons of presentation. Critical CAD 70 [46.7%], Left ventricular systolic dysfunction [LVSD] 50 [33.3%]. Hypertension found in 83 [55.3%], diabetes mellitus [DM] in 44 [30%], DMand left ventricular systolic dysfunction[LVSD] were more associated with critical CAD. In our study complete LBBB was more common among hypertensive patients. In DM patients was associated with severe CAD. With Left anterior descending artery being the most common artery involved

Self learning package versus traditional learningon communication skills of medical surgical nursing students

Nursing education is oriented toward equipping nursing students with knowledge and skills about communication through traditional and non-traditional learning. Self-learning package is a self contained learning activity that allows learners to progress at their own pace. was to evaluate the effect of self learning package versus traditional learning on communication skills, design and implementation a self- learning package and evaluate its effect on the students, communication skills. self- learning package will improve the communication skills.of the students nurses in the clinical areas than the traditional learning [Lecture]. the study was conducted in classroom and nursing skills laboratory at faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, as well as, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The total number of the students was 200 students-. They were divided into two equal groups, group A [100 students] was the lecture group and group B [100 students] was the self learning package group. Data were collected through questionnaire sheet about communication, observational checklists about communication, and student's opinionnaire sheet. Results of this study concluded that there were highly statistically significant differences among the students in group A [Lecture] as compared with the students in group B [Self-learning package] regarding knowledge, practice and student opinions. The students were more satisfied with using self-learning package than lecture in learning communication skills. The study concluded that self learning package improved the knowledge and skills of communication among student's nurses in the study group B than the study group A [traditional lecture]. The study recommended that educators must focus their efforts on developing a variety of strategies and learning alternatives so that each student can select those through which he/she can obtain the most productive learning strategies and non-traditional methods of teaching should be used in teaching the nursing students

Comparative studies of some antioxidants on the enhanced pancreatic insulin content in alloxan diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a major endocrine disorder affecting nearly 10% of the population all over the world. Inspite of the introduction of hypoglycemic agents, diabetes and the related complications continue to be a major medical problem. Several studies in human and animal models have shown alterations in the antioxidant status in diabetes. Insulin is synthesized in the B-cells of the pancreatic islets and regulates the glucose levels. Hence, the present study was concerned with the evaluation of the effect of some antioxidants on the pancreatic insulin -immunoreactive cells intensity correlated with the number of B-cells and the area of islets. Experimental diabetes was induced by injection intraperitoneal of alloxan monohydrate [120mg/kg b. wt.]. After induction of diabetes, the islet B-cells of pancreatic tissue showed vacuolar degeneration, pyknotic nuclei and necrosis. In addition to disturbance of acinar pattern, there were also inflammatory cells in between the acini and the dilated ducts and congested blood vessels. The number of B-cells and the islets area were decreased compared with control animals. The quantitative immunohistochemical studies demonstrated significant decrease in the intensities of B-cells anti-insulin antibody reaction. On the other hand, the results illustrated that concomitant administration of garlic, green tea or zinc chloride, apparently reduced the B-cells damage. The number of B-cells and the area of islets were increased. Significant increase in the intensity of anti-insulin antibody positive reaction was noticed compared with control diabetic animals. Thus, garlic green tea or zinc administration were effective in protecting pancreatic tissue against diabetes in animal model, where they reduced remarkably the degree of B-cell damage and increased the insulin secretion

Pelvic hematoma resulting in obstructive uropathy

The use of anticoagulants, for whatever indication, may carry a high risk of hematoma formation following surgery. Obstructive uropathy is a very rare but possible example of complication secondary to an extensive pelvic hematoma. We describe a case of a patient with rheumatic heart disease and aortic valve replacement, who developed a massive postoperative pelvic hematoma following bilateral tubal ligation, resulting in bilateral ureteric obstructions. This was treated with bilateral ureteric stent through cystoscopy

Correlation between the mean nuclear area, DNA contents and AgNORs count in hepatocytes of irradiated rats

Twenty four male Sparague - Daweley rats weighing 150- 170 g were used. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [n=6/group], three groups were irradiated with a single 8- gray [GY] fraction for 15-20 min and examined at different times [1, 2 and 3 days] after irradiation. The fourth group served as normal control. The histological changes of hepatocytes revealed variable degrees of oedema, chronic cellular infiltration, cloudy swelling and damaged bile ducts epithelial cells. The nuclei were shrunk and the cromatin was clumped adjacent to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope .The magnitude of these changes were directly proportional to the time. The morphometric measurements of the mean nuclear areas [MNA] and AgNORs count were evaluated in hepatocytes of normal and irradiated rats using computerized image analysis. The histochemical study revealed marked increase in the nuclear DNA contents in parallizm with the higher AgNORs counts and the significant decrease in MNA of hepatocytes nuclei in all irradiated rats

Pattern of astigmatism between the ages of 6 and 12 years: a cross-sectional study

A cross-sectional study was performed on 1231 eyes of 645 astigmatic children aged 6 to 12 years. Eyes with irregular astigmatism were excluded. The magnitude of astigmatism most commonly seen was one diopter cylinder or less. In 90.9% of children, astigmatism was found to be bilateral. Myopic astigmatism was seen in 51.1% of the eyes overall, and astigmatism with-the-rule constituted 48.5% of all cases