ABSTRACT
The protective effects of honey bee [HB] and pollen grains against cyclophosphamide [CPM] -induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mice were investigated. This was achieved through study the effects of CPM and HB on oxidative status, chromosomal aberrations and gene expression of the tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin-1 [IL1], interleukin 17A [IL-17A] and interferon-gamma [IFN-alpha] in mice. In addition, the levels of reduced glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde were determined. The results of this study revealed that CPM decrease in GSH level and increase in malondialdehyde [MDA] level in the liver and kidney tissues. Moreover, CPM induced sperm abnormality, chromosomal aberrations and down regulated the expression of the studied cytokine genes. HB treatment in association with CPM ameliorates GSH, MDA, chromosomal aberrations and regulated the expression of IL-1 ß, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha. Thus, HB inhibits the cytotoxic and genotoxic risks associated with CPM treatment in mice
ABSTRACT
To asses the level of competence at uretheral catheterization among medical staff at the Emergency Department in Hamad General Hospital, a test of urethral catheterization procedure was given to 158 emergency medical staff doctors of different specialties, on a manikin model. The test explored different aspects of the procedure. The results showed that 32% of medical staff were successful in excluding any contraindications before starting the procedure; 71% asked to obtain consent; 89% used aseptic precautions in the technique correctly; 94% carried out the different steps of the procedure technique properly; 53% used the proper size of catheter; and 32% fixed the catheter to the body. Although the majority of the medical staff could perform the main steps of the procedure well, there was a great ignorance about other aspects, such as excluding contraindications, selection of the proper size of the catheter, and catheter fixation. In addition, there was inconsistency between the staff in obtaining informed consent. This concludes that the medical staff had minimal exposure to urethral catheterization procedure, and limited self-perceived confidence and experience in this procedure, despite working in a major emergency department
Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians , Clinical Competence , Emergency Service, Hospital , UrethraABSTRACT
HRCT scanning increasingly used in bronchial asthma. This work was planned to assess the thickness of airway wall in chronic bronchial asthma by using HRCT scanning and its relation to pulmonary function and asthma severity. The study was carried out on 25 chronic asthmatic patients 14 females and 11 males and 10 normal healthy subjects as a control group they were matching as regard age, gender, and height All cases were subjected to the following: complete history taking complete clinical examination, plain chest radiography, pulmonary function tests and HRCT chest scanning at 5 levels; top of aortic arch, at the main carina, 1 cm below main carina, at the level of pulmonary veins, and 2 cm above right hemidiaphragm. Asthmatic patients were classified into severe asthma II cases, moderate asthma 10 cases, and 4 cases as mild asthma, the following data were found: There were no statistically significant difference between cases and control groups -in age, sex or height. There were highly significant increases in FVC, FEV[1], and FEF25-75% and low significance increase in FEV[1]/FVC among cases after use of bronchodilator than before it There was no significant difference in pulmonary function before and after BD among control group There were significant difference between cases and control groups in all pulmonary function results. There were high significant difference between cases and control groups in FEV[1], FVC, FEF 25-75% after use of bronchodilator. There were statistically significant negative association between wall thickness and FEV[1]/FVC and FEF25 75%. There were statistically negative significant correlation between wall area and FEF25-75%, and FEV[1]/FVC- There were significant negative correlation between [thickness/diameter] T/D ratio and FEF 25-75% and FEV[1]/FVC. There were significant correlation between airway wall area and severity of bronchial asthma. No significant correlation between airway wall thickness and FEV[1] but there is negative association between wall thickness and FEF25-75% and FEV[1]/FVC ratio. This study showed strong positive correlation between wall thickness, wall area and asthma severity and duration of asthma There were significant correlation between asthma severity, duration, and thickness of the airway wall and wall area%. Many changes as bronchiectasis, mucoid impaction, emphysema and bronchial dilatation were found in chronic asthmatics