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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(4): 358-362, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759284

ABSTRACT

Background: Human parainfluenza viruses account for a significant proportion of lower respiratory tract infections in children.Objective: To assess the prevalence of Human parainfluenza viruses as a cause of acute respiratory infection and to compare clinical data for this infection against those of the human respiratory syncytial virus.Methods: A prospective study in children younger than five years with acute respiratory infection was conducted. Detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples was performed using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction. Length of hospital stay, age, clinical history and physical exam, clinical diagnoses, and evolution (admission to Intensive Care Unit or general ward, discharge or death) were assessed. Past personal (premature birth and cardiopathy) as well as family (smoking and atopy) medical factors were also assessed.Results: A total of 585 patients were included with a median age of 7.9 months and median hospital stay of six days. No difference between the HRSV+ and HPIV+ groups was found in terms of age, gender or length of hospital stay. The HRSV+ group had more fever and cough. Need for admission to the Intensive Care Unit was similar for both groups but more deaths were recorded in the HPIV+ group. The occurrence of parainfluenza peaked during the autumn in the first two years of the study.Conclusion: Parainfluenza was responsible for significant morbidity, proving to be the second-most prevalent viral agent in this population after respiratory syncytial virus. No difference in clinical presentation was found between the two groups, but mortality was higher in the HPIV+ group.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/isolation & purification , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Respirovirus Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Nasopharynx/virology , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Seasons
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(9B): 672-676, set. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-688539

ABSTRACT

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.


A meningite bacteriana (MB) é uma doença grave e ainda representa um sério problema de saúde pública, com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Os casos mais comuns de MB em todo o mundo, principalmente no Brasil, tem sido causados por Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. Cultura bacteriana é a técnica padrão-ouro para a confirmação de MB, mas cerca de 50% dos casos suspeitos não são confirmados por cultura, devido a problemas relacionados ao transporte inadequado e semeadura ou antibioticoterapia prévia. Métodos imunológicos apresentam baixa sensibilidade e têm possibilidade de reações cruzadas. PCR em tempo real (qPCR) é uma técnica molecular e tem sido utilizada com êxito para o diagnóstico de MB no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, em São Paulo, Brasil, desde 2007. A incorporação da qPCR na rotina de vigilância em Saúde Pública em nosso estado resultou na diminuição de 50% dos casos de MB indeterminadas. Nossos esforços estão focados na implementação da qPCR na rotina diagnóstica de MB em todo o Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Brazil , Counterimmunoelectrophoresis , Forecasting , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Time Factors
3.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 72(1): 65-71, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-729390

ABSTRACT

Factors responsible for false-negative results (F-N) in RT-PCR assay for detecting N. meningitidis in serumand CSF samples were investigated. As the meningococcal disease should be rapidly treated because ofits high mortality and epidemic potential, the F-N in diagnostic testing may cause treatment failuresand/or on disease restraint in community. Thus, it is crucial to learn the factors which cause F-N in RTPCRassays. The F-N were induced by inhibition, low quantity of target DNA in extracted samples, andinadequate temperature employed at PCR annealing procedure. As bacterial DNA concentration in samplesmight be highly variable, the ideal sample volume to be extracted could not be defined. As previouslyrecommended for N. meningitidis gene-grouping by RT-PCR assay, the annealing temperature at 60 °Cwas not suitable for B and W135 genogroups. Altogether, these factors induced F-N in 31 samples; therefore,30 % of N. meningitidis detected by RT-PCR were classified as non-genogrouped. The inhibitors and/orthe low amount of target DNA induced F-N on RT-PCR, independently of the specimen volume used forextracting DNA. However, adjustments on the PCR annealing temperature and amount of extracted DNAadded into the reaction might avoid the occurrence of the majority of F-N.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid , Neisseria meningitidis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , False Negative Reactions , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
4.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 72(2): 161-164, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-729376

ABSTRACT

O princípio básico para obter resultado confiável é a compatibilidade entre as réplicas e suareprodutibilidade. Na rotina diagnóstica por PCR em tempo real (PCR-TR), em que centenas de amostrassão processadas, a obtenção de resultados com Cts tardios ou réplicas que diferem entre si por mais de trêsunidades, são inevitáveis. Das 3.000 amostras processadas em 2010, em duplicata, na rotina diagnósticadas meningites bacterianas por PCR-TR na pesquisa de N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae e H. influenzae,157 (5,2 %), apresentaram inconsistência entre as réplicas (diferença entre Cts maior do que 3) e/ou altosvalores de Cts; e os ensaios foram retestados. O presente trabalho investigou estes resultados obtidos, osbenefícios destas repetições e as possíveis razões da ocorrência dos resultados discrepantes. Verificouseque, apenas 18 (11 %) das amostras submetidas à repetição, apresentaram resultados positivos. Erroshumanos inerentes à pipetagem, como o uso de pipetas não calibradas, a baixa concentração de DNAalvo nas amostras, a degradação da sonda ou mesmo a possível contaminação aleatória são fatores quecontribuem para induzir resultados discrepantes. A realização do ensaio de PCR-TR com amostras emduplicata e a repetição de ensaios com resultados discordantes é um artifício eficiente para avaliar e definirestes resultados.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Laboratories , Meningitis, Bacterial , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Haemophilus influenzae , Neisseria meningitidis , Streptococcus pneumoniae
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(7): 903-908, Nov. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656047

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Rapid diagnosis of resistant strains is important for the control of TB. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays may detect all of the mutations that occur in the M. tuberculosis 81-bp core region of the rpoB gene, which is responsible for resistance to rifampin (RIF) and codon 315 of the katG gene and the inhA ribosomal binding site, which are responsible for isoniazid (INH). The goal of this study was to assess the performance of RT-PCR compared to traditional culture-based methods for determining the drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis. BACTEC TM MGIT TM 960 was used as the gold standard method for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. Susceptibilities to INH and RIF were also determined by genotyping of katG, inhA and rpoB genes. RT-PCR based on molecular beacons probes was used to detect specific point mutations associated with resistance. The sensitivities of RT-PCR in detecting INH resistance using katG and inhA targets individually were 55% and 25%, respectively and 73% when combined. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR assay in detecting RIF resistance was 99%. The median time to complete the RT-PCR assay was three-four hours. The specificities for tests were both 100%. Our results confirm that RT-PCR can detect INH and RIF resistance in less than four hours with high sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Rifampin/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Catalase/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Mutation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 69(1): 131-135, jan.-mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-563595

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam sua experiência no diagnóstico laboratorial de InfluenzaA (H1N1) em 37.240 amostras clínicas obtidas de pacientes com suspeita de gripe, encaminhadas ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz para análise. Eles apresentam os algoritmos de testes moleculares empregados, comparam a eficiência dos mesmos quanto à sensibilidade, especificidade e custo e, finalmente sugerem um novo algoritmo para ser usado em caso de nova epidemia de Influenza A (H1N1) em 2010.


The authors present their experience with the molecular diagnosis of Influenza A (H1N1) with 37.240 clinicalsamples obtained from individuals suspected of flu, sent to Instituto Adolfo Lutz for analysis. They show the used algorithms, compare their efficiency in terms of sensitivity, specificity and cost, and suggest a new algorithm to be employed in case of an outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) in 2010.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
7.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 38(4): 487-497, out.-dez. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334637

ABSTRACT

O treinamento intenso e o exercício exaustivo podem ocasionar imunossupressão em atletas por meio da diminuição da concentração plasmática de glutamina. O presente estudo verificou inicialmente o efeito da suplementação com L-glutamina e L-alanil-L-glutamina sobre a resposta ao teste de hipersensibilidade do tipo tardio (HTT) em ratos submetidos ao treinamento intenso em natação durante seis semanas. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o efeito dessas intervenções nutricionais sobre a contagem total e porcentual de leucócitos e concentração sérica de anticorpos IgG anti-albumina de soro bovino, em animais submetidos ao teste de exaustão e recuperados durante o período de 3 horas...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Exercise/physiology , Glutamine , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Immune System , Nutritional Sciences , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Blood Specimen Collection , Leukocyte Count , Nutrition Assessment , Radioimmunoassay
8.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 21(3): 83-90, maio-jun. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-236149

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de paciente parda portadora de síndrome de Chediak-Higashi (SCH). Método: Além dos dados de história clínica e de exame físico a paciente foi submetida a investigação laboratorial para imunodeficiência. Resultados: As principais manifestações clínicas da paciente eram albinismo parcial óculo-cutâneo e infecções de repetição. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram a presença de inclusões intracitoplasmáticas gigantes em leucócitos do sangue periférico e em células precursoras na medula óssea. A avaliação funcional dos leucócitos do sangue periférico foi normal. Quatro meses após o diagnóstico, a criança desenvolveu a fase linfoproliferativa evoluindo para óbito. Conclusões: São discutidas as principais alterações laboratoriais que caracterizam a SCH, tece-se comentários sobre os possíveis fatores etiológicos, bem como os avanços no seu tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/diagnosis , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/physiopathology , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/immunology
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 87(4): 575-81, out.-dez. 1992. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-116373

ABSTRACT

The few studies already published about phagocyte functions in Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) has stated that neutrophils present slow rate of bacterial killing but normally ingest microorganisms. In the present study, both phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus were verified to be in neutrophils from two patients with CHS when these functions were simultaneously evaluated by a fluorochrome phagocytosis assay. Electron microscopic examination showed morphologic differences among neutophils from CHS patients and normal neutrophils regarding the cytoplasmic structures and the aspects of the phagolysosomes. It was noteworthy the presence of giant phagolysosomes enclosing bacteria in active proliferation commonly observed in CHS neutrophils after 45 min of phagocytosis, wich corresponded with the impaired bactericidal activity of these leukocytes. The present results suggest that phagocytosis may also be defective in CHS, and point out to the sensitivity of the fluorochrome phagocytosis assay and its application in clinical laboratories


Subject(s)
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome , Neutrophils , Phagocytosis
10.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 47(5): 215-22, set.-out. 1992. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-125179

ABSTRACT

Constitui-se o objetivo da presente pesquisa o estudo do efeito de emulsoes lipidicas comercialmente disponiveis de Triglicerides de Cadeia Longa (TCL) e de Triglicerides de Cadeia Media (TCM) e Longa (TCM/TCL) a 10 por cento sobre a funcao de polimorfonucleares (LPMN) de sangue de ratos apos transfusao endovenosa continua em ratos submetidos a agressao infecciosa por meio da inoculacao intraperitoneal de E. coli. Efetuaram-se provas de funcao dos LPMN (atividades fagocitaria, bactericida e quimiotatica), hemoculturas seriadas, avaliacao clinica, autopsia e avaliacao histopatologica do figado e baco e analise de taxa de mortalidade. Nao se observaram diferencas significativas no comportamento funcional dos LPMN do sangue de ratos


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/metabolism , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Chemotaxis , Chi-Square Distribution , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Phagocytosis/immunology
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 5(4): 147-53, out.-dez. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-92937

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam os resultados diferentes ao desenvolvimento do tumor de Walker 256 implantado em ratos Wistar submetidos a esquema de alimentaçäo oral e Nutriçäo Parenteral (NP). Os animais foram divididos em três conjuntos: grupo OT10 (11 ratos) em que os animais eram acompanhados a partir do 10§ dia do implante tumoral e permaneciam recebendo dieta oral com conteúdo de nitrogênio de 4,32g/100g e valor calórico de 340 cal./100g; grupo PT10 (8 ratos) em que os animais eram submetidos a um esquema de NP a partir do 10§ dia do implante tumoral, de forma a receber em média 144mg de nitrogênio e 22 calorias por 100g de pêso corpóreo em 24 horas, grupo PC10 (17 ratos) em que os animais eram submetidos ao mesmo esquema de NP. Os animais eram acompanhados durante períodos de sete dias. Os resultados näo revelaram diferenças significativas entre os três grupos de animais observados, no que se refere ao pêso corpóreo e ao pêso da carcaça; a comparaçäo ente o pêso do tumor e a relaçäo pêso do tumor/pêso da carcaça entre os grupos OT10 e PT10 näo revelou igualmente diferenças significativas


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Carcinoma 256, Walker , Neoplasms, Experimental , Diet , Parenteral Nutrition , Rats, Inbred Strains
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