ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the hemostatic abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis and their relation with severity of liver dysfunction as assessed by Child Pugh Score
Background: Important role is played by liver in hematopoeisis as well as hemostasis. Therefore liver dysfunction due to any reason is associated with hematological and complex hemostatic abnormalities. Important abnormalities include decreased production of coagulation and anticoagulation factors, excessive fibrinolysis, low platelet count etc. These are manifested by abnormal laboratory tests for these variables. For descriptive or prognostic indicator of these abnormalities Child- Pugh score is generally used
Material and Methods: Present study was done at the Postgraduate laboratory and hospital of ISRA University Hyderabad. The study was approved by ethical committee of ISRA University. Sixty four patients with liver cirrhosis were taken for study and divided according to Child Pugh Score as Class A, B and C; 47 were males and 17 were females. All age groups were included and mean age of group A, B and C was determined. The patients fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected after taking consent and blood was drawn to perform Coagulation parameters, platelets and fibrinolytic parameters in their respective analyzer machines
Results: In Child Pugh Score A , B and C patients, Mean Platelet count was 375.36 +/-39.479, 343.30 +/- 58.793, 277.03 +/-55.061 per uL and Mean Fibrinogen level was 333.90 +/-45.007, 261.07 +/-70.622, 207.33 +/- 38.484 per mg / dl respectively which showed a significant decrease in patients from Child Pugh Score A through C and Mean Platelet count and Mean Fibrinogen level Showed a negative Correlation with Child Pugh Score having r- = -0.640, p = 0.0001 and r- = -0.579, p 0.0001 respectively. In Child Pugh Score A , B and C patients, Mean Prothrombin time was 11.09 +/-0.831, 12.15 +/-2.828, 16.66 +/-2.541 per second, Mean Activated partial thromboplastin time was 27.09+/- 4.657, 33.50 +/-2.284, 35.62 +/-1.779 per second, Mean D-dimer level was 195.45 +/-13.633, 212.96 +/-37.845, 234.14 +/-47.287 per ug/L and Mean bleeding time was 4.63 +/-1804, 7.88 +/-2.833, 9.33 +/-2.496 per minute respectively which showed a significant increase in patients from class A through C and showed a positive correlation with Child Pugh score
Conclusion: It was concluded that PT, APTT, BT and D-dimer correlated positively while Fibrinogen level and Platelet count correlated negatively with Child Pugh score
ABSTRACT
Objectives: this study was carried out to compare the placentae from hypertension associated pregnancies and normal pregnancies
Design: comparative study
Setting: Isra University Hospital Hyderabad Sind
Method: eighty full term placentae were collected; 40 from normal and 40 from hypertensive pregnant women. Gross features of placentae were noted and then stained for their microscopic features. Birth weight and Apgar score of the newborn were recorded
Results: the weight and surface areas of placentae were significantly low in the hypertensive group whereas thickness of placenta and number of cotyledons were almost same in hypertensive and control groups. Microscopically increased number of syncytial knots, chorionic villi with excessive collagen was observed in placentae of hypertensive women. In hypertensive group birth weight of neonates was significantly low than control group while difference in APGAR score between two groups was statistically insignificant
Conclusion: hypertension during pregnancy is associated with remarkable changes in the placentae
ABSTRACT
Objectives: to assess the sleep pattern among teaching faculty of Isra University using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale
Design: descriptive study
Setting: Isra University Medical College and Hospital Hyderabad Sindh
Method: eighty three members of teaching faculty of Isra were randomly selected for this study. These were divided into 02 groups, basic and clinical teachers. All were given instructions to fill the questionnaires of Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale. These were then collected and analyzed
Results: among faculty members mean Epworth score was 8.2 +/- 0.58 and mean Pittsburgh score was 5.7 +/- 0.54. Both the scores in two groups were within normal range. In males Epworth and Pittsburgh scores were 8.3 +/- 0.85 and 5.6 +/- 0.72 respectively while in females these scores were 8.01 +/- 0.73 and 6.67 +/- 0.86. Pittsburgh score was significantly higher in females as compared to males
Conclusion: it is concluded that sleep as assessed by using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale was within normal range among the faculty members of Isra University. Female faculty members had significantly higher Pittsburgh score as compared to male faculty members signifying worse sleep quality
ABSTRACT
Objectives: this study was carried out to evaluate homocysteine as a risk factor for ischemic Stroke
Design: descriptive study
Setting: isra University and Liquate university of Medical and health sciences Jamshoro [LUMHS]
Study design: twenty five diagnosed cases of ischemic stroke were selected from different wards of two hospitals. Twenty five healthy age matched persons were taken as controls having no risk factors for stroke. Serum homocysteine level was determined by enzyme immunoassay using commercially available kit
Results: serum homocysteine level in patients with stroke was 14.0 +/- 1.9 [micro]mol/Lit and in healthy controls it was 9.0 +/- 0.58 [micro]mol/Lit. There was statically significant difference [p < 0.05] in the homocysteine level between the two groups yet the level was within normal range
Conclusion: serum homocysteine level is significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke as compared to the normal healthy individuals having no ischemic stroke risk factors