Protective effects of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

Nephrotoxicity is an inherent of certain anticancer drugs. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Cisplatin [5 mg/kg, i.p.] caused significant increases in serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, urine volume and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum total protein, creatinine clearance, reduced glutathione content of kidney and kidney superoxide dismutase activity as compared to the control group. On the other hand, administration of onion oil [100 mg/kg, p.o.] or selenium [1 mg/kg, p.o.] for 14 days with a single cisplatin dose on the 10[th] day ameliorated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers. Onion oil and selenium showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Amelioration of carbendazim-induced testicular dysfunction by vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil in rats

Carbendazim, a carbamate fungicide, is one of the most widespread environmental contaminant of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. The present study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorating effect of vitamin E and Pumpkin seed oil on carbendazim-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Safety profile of vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil was firstly examined on normal rats and found to be safe on all the examined parameters. Adult Sprague dawley male rats were used in this study. Carbendazim [100 mg/ kg] was administered alone or combined with either vitamin E [200 mg/ kg] or pumpkin seed oil [40 mg/ kg] for 48 successive days. Carbendazim exposure significantly reduced the weights of testes, prostates and seminal vesicles. Also, serum testosterone, sperm count, motility and viability were diminished. The incidence of sperm abnormalities and testicular cholesterol content, were markedly elevated. In addition, carbendazim caused oxidative stress as observed by elevation of malondialdehyde [MDA] and lactate dehydrogense [LDH]. The antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase [-SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSHPX] and glutathione [GSH] were also reduced. Carbendazim also produced marked histopathological changes including degeneration of most seminiferous tubules with absence of spermatogenic series in tubular lumen in the testis. Co-administration of either vitamin E or pumpkin seed oil with carbendazim significantly ameliorated most of these deleterious effects where weights of testes, prostates and seminal vesicles were regained. They also elevated serum testosterone level, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability. Furthermore, administration of vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil with carbendazim reduced the incidence of sperm abnormalities and nearly normalized the testicular cholesterol content, They also reduced the oxidative stress caused by carbendazim which was associated with normal histopathological features of the testis

possible effect of ginger against Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in male rats

Ginger, a herbal product with broad anti inflammatory actions, is used as an alternative medicine in a number of inflammatory conditions. Confirmation of this contribution was sought in this study in Sprague-Dawley rats [140 +/- 30 g] treated with a single injection [0.1 ml of 0.5mg/ml of a commercial preparation of Freund's complete Adjuvant [FCA] to induce mono-arthritis in intra-planters in right hind paw. Before induction of arthritis by one week, each rat [in the prophylactic group] received a daily oral dose of ginger tea with a dose of 500mg/Kg, and after induction of arthritis by two days, each rat [in the treatment group] received a daily oral dose of ginger tea with a dose of 500mg/Kg. This confirmation was done by evaluating RBCs count, WBCs count, platelets count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit%, albumin level, alkaline phosphatase concentration, reduced glutathione concentration [GSH], plasma malondialdehyde concentration [MDA], superoxide dismutase concentration [SOD], body weight change, paw thickness, serum level of immunoglobulin G and Histopathological study of the soft tissue and the hard bony tissue. Within 2 days of FCA injection, the control group produced maximum edematous swelling of the paw that was sustained nearly up to the end of the investigation period. But, ginger, both in prophylactic and treated groups, significantly lower magnitudes of unsustained swelling of the paw during the investigation period. Also in ginger prophylactic and treated groups significant increase in body weight compared to arthritic group. Here, ginger prophylactic and treated groups showed remarkable improvement in the haematolgical parameters compared to arthritic group. There was significant increase in albumin level, significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase concentration, significant increase in reduced glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase concentration and significant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde concentration in ginger prophylactic and treated groups compared to arthritic group. Histological results showed moderate improvement, against arthritic effect of FCA, either as treatment or as prophylactic. From these results, it is concluded that ginger can protect and reduce the inflammatory and oxidative responses produced in a FCA mono-arthritic model of rats

possible angiogenic and inflammatory properties of chlorpyrifos methyl

Inhibition of angiogenesis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Chlorpyrifos methyl is a widely used organophosphate insecticide, used extensively in agriculture, public health and as a household insecticide. The aim of the present work is to study the influence of chlorpyrifos methyl on the experimentally induced models of angiogenesis and inflammation. Female Sprague Dawely rats were divided into two main groups. Control animals were kept feeding normal control diet and the treated animals were fed diet containing chlorpyrifos methyl [10 times the acceptable daily intake] for 30 days. After 24 hours, animals of each group were subdivided into 3 subgroups in which the following three animal models were induced: 1- Rat paw edema model. 2- Cotton pellet granulation tissue model. 3- Air pouch carrageenan induced model. Results showed that chiorpyrifos methyl in low doses induced significant increase in the granulation tissue weight and significant increase in pouch fluid volume after 3 days. It has also induced significant increase in the number of leucocytes in the pouch fluid and in the formation of new blood vessels [angiogenesis] in the whole granulation tissue after 3 and 6 days

possible anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of linseed oil

Inhibition of angiogenesis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Linseed oil is a popular dietary factor in some parts of the world. It contains significant amount of a linolenic polyunsaturated fatty acid [omega 3]. The present study aims at studying the possible anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of linseed oil using different experimental animal models. Female Sprague Dawely rats were divided into two main groups. Control animals were kept on feeding by normal control diet while the treated animals were fed a diet containing 5% linseed oil for 30 days. At the 31[st] day, animals of each group were subdivided into 3 subgroups and subjected to the following animal models: 1-Rat paw edema model. 2-Cotton pellet granulation tissue model. 3-Air pouch carrageenan induced model. Results showed that linseed oil induced a significant decrease in the pouch fluid volumes and in the total leucocytic count in the pouch fluid. It also induced a significant decrease in the angiogenesis in the granulation tissue. These findings suggest that linseed oil may have some anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties

study on the teratogenic effects of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate [DDB] in rats

Schizandrin C is one of the components isolated from fructus schizandrae. Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxilate [DDB] is a synthetic analogue of schizandrin C. It has been widely prescribed for improvement of liver function especially in hepatitis C infection. The present study is undertaken to investigate the effect of DDB on the pregnant rats and their fetuses. It was administered as a suspension using 2% tween80. DDB was administered in two dose levels [4.05 and 40.5mg/kg body weight]. Each of the two dose levels was daily administered along two different periods of gestation, namely from day I to 20 and from day 8 to 16. The outcome of pregnancy was examined for growth parameters and gross anomalies. The results showed a slight change in mothers body weight with a slightly decrease in appetite. The obtained results showed significant decreases in fetal body weight following administration of the high dose level through the two utilizing periods of gestation. The fetal body weight of groups treated with the small dose level was lowered, but non-significantly Dose-dependent incidences of external and skeletal malformations were obtained

Effect of permethrin on the experimentally induced diabetes and on its management with some antidiabetic drugs

The aim of the present work was to study the influence of permethrin [a synthetic pyrithroid insecticide] on the experimentally induced diabetes and on the antidiabetic effects of some may be faced by man, as it is equivalent to 10 times, the acceptable daily intake. Male Albino rats were divided into 2 main groups, control group [fed normal diet] and permethrin treated group [fed diet containing 21.7 ppm, permethrin] for 30 days. At the day 31, the animals of each group were subdivided to 8 groups as following 1- No further treatment. 2- Treatment by insulin [10M U/100gm S.C.]. 3- Treatment by glibenclamide [0.5 mg/kg, orally]. 4- Treatment by metformin [71.4 mg/kg. Orally] 5- Treatment by alloxan [120 mg/kg, S.C.]. 6- Treatment by alloxan + insulin. 7- Treatment by alloxan + glibenclamide. 8- Treatment by alloxan + metformin. The obtained results regarding blood glucose level showed that 1- Permethrin increased blood glucose level by 17.882%. 2- In normally fed groups [control], insulin and glibenclamide reduced the blood glucose level by 58.078% and 73.496%, respectively while metformin showed no effects 3- In permethrin treated groups, insulin and glibenclamide reduced the blood glucose level by 32.768% and 79.871%, respectively, while metformin slightly increased this level by 5.510%. 4- Alloxan induced increase in blood glucose levels by 88.435% and 69.154% in control and permethrin treated animals. 5- In case of experimentally induced diabetes, both insulin and glibenclamide, caused an equal decrease of glucose level in control and permethrin treated animals. On the other hand metformin induced a decrease in blood glucose level of normally fed animals but not in permethrin treated animals

bioequivalence study on glafenine tablets in normal volunteers

The in vivo availability study has been performed on reference and test products of glafenine 200 mg tablets. The study was based on urinary excretion of glafenic acid in nine healthy volunteers. The given dose [400 mg] was administered according to a cross over design with 10 days as a washout interval. Tmax, Cmax and AUC of glafenic acid in urine demonstrated the possible bioequivalence of preparation under evaluation. The present work proposed the utility of use of optical density index [instead of glafenic acid concentration] for computation of the pharmacokinetic parameters