ABSTRACT
Objective@#The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a significant temporal relationship exists between asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). @*Methods@#The population dataset consisted of 95,846,511 physician diagnoses for 768,460 (46% male) individuals spanning 1993–2010. Four groups were labeled as having neither Asthma nor ADHD, Asthma only, ADHD only, or both Asthma and ADHD and formed the basis of calculating the odds ratios for each sex describing the association of Asthma and ADHD by age, and, in addition, a prospective sample age (<5 years) between 1993 and 1996 was utilized to evaluate the temporal association between Asthma and ADHD. @*Results@#There was a significant relationship between ADHD and Asthma within the age strata of the sample, one from the cohort and two from the whole sample. When both ADHD and Asthma were diagnosed in the same patients, the age was younger in both cross-sectional and prospective cohort samples. ADHD arose significantly more often after Asthma in the cross-sectional samples stratified on age and in the prospective cohort sample. @*Conclusion@#The results are consistent with previous literature where ADHD has been linked to allergic diseases, such as asthma.
ABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se brinda un reporte de los primeros 19 pacientes que fueron operados por inestabilidad espinal de diversas causas, con el método de la Instrumentación Segmentaria Sublaminar (Técnica de Luque) en nuestro país. En él exponemos las amplias posibilidades de esta técnica y sus ventajas en relación con otras, así como su diversidad de aplicaciones, incluso, en afecciones tales como los tumores vertebrales. Encontramos en el mismo como hechos relevantes que en todos los casos se obtuvo una estabilidad adecuada y el corto período de rehabilitación que necesita el paciente en el postoperatorio. De todas las complicaciones, las más trascendentales son las lesiones medulares. Se efectúa una descripción abreviada de la técnica quirúrgica
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Orthopedics , Spinal Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
Cardio-pulmonary responses to a given step-up exercise test were studied in 43 patients who previously received various thoracic operations such as pleural decortication, one or two segmental resections, right or left upper lobectomy, plombage or pneumonectomy. Fourteen control subjects were also studied for comparison. Following a 30 minute rest, the step-up exercise was performed to heights of 20, 30 and 40cm, in that order, for 8 to 10 min. at each height. During the rest and the steady-state exercise period, the expired gas was collected for a period of 5 minutes for the determinations of the minute volume, the O2 consumption and the CO2 Output. Alveolar gas samples were a1so taken following the expired gas collection. The heart rate and blood pressure were also checked during the rest and immediately after each exercise. Various cardio-pulmonary functions of the patient at rest were little different from those of the control, except the heart rate which tended to be higher in the patient than in the control. Although the work capacity of the patient was lower than in the control, most patients were able to complete the required exercise test. However, in carrying out a given exercise load, the patient groups had a greater minute volume, the respiratory rate, the O2 consumption and the CO2 output as compared to the control, indicating that the mechanical efficiency is considerably lowered in the patient. Of various patient groups, the work performance was most limited in the pneumonectomy group while the group with one or two segmental resections was little affected. It is suggested that the patient with one or two segmental resections may be allowed to engage in physical activity up to 700 kg-m/min or more while those with pneumonectomy should not exert themselves above 500 k-gm/min.