ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study aims to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in thyroidectomy specimens received in the Pathology Department of Ibn-e Sina Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. Materials and methods: In the current research all the thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy specimen from any age, sex were included. Previously diagnosed cases with any neoplastic lesions were excluded from the research. The biopsy registers were reviewed and different lesions were categorized. Age and sex-wise variations of the lesions were noted. The study proposal was reviewed and accepted by the hospital ethical committee. Statistical analysis was done using the frequency distribution table in the Microsoft Excel Office. Results: A total of 1465 cases presented with thyroid nodule were histopathologically examined. Among these cases 1169 cases were diagnosed as simple goiter, 146 as adenoma and 86 cases were proved to be malignant tumors. These 86 malignant cases were comprised of papillary thyroid carcinoma (n=43) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (n=43). While 64 cases were categorized as “other”. Conclusion: The majority of the thyroid nodules are either non-neoplastic or benign neoplasm. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas share equal prevalence in Pakistani society according to the findings of the present study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving process but carries many risks. Majority of these had been reduced with better diagnostic and management strategies. But the risk of non-infectious adverse transfusion reactions though reduced but cannot be eliminated. Hemovigilance is the system to monitor such reactions.Methods: The objective of current study was to know the frequency of adverse transfusion reactions and to compare it with local and international data. Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Ibn-e- Sina hospital. Adverse transfusion reactions reported to blood bank was analysed according to hospital protocol.Results: Out of 6050 blood transfusions 23 (0.38%) develop adverse transfusion reactions. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction was the commonest adverse event and whole blood was the component implicated.Conclusions: Adverse transfusion reactions are non-infectious complications of blood transfusion which in spite of all efforts cannot be avoided. Frequency of adverse transfusion reactions in our study was 0.38% and Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction was commonest reported reaction type. Hemovigilance system is necessary to monitor, investigate and control such activities.
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Background/objective: Breast cancer is a major concern worldwide and causes one of the highest numbers of causalities. The general approach for the evaluation of breast cancer has become formalized as triple assessment: clinical examination, imaging (usually mammography, ultrasonography, or both), and needle biopsy. Prostatespecific antigen (PSA) has been reported to be a potential biomarker of breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Prostate specific antigen for the detection of malignancy in breast tumors keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from April 15, 2013, to October 14, 2013. All the patients with breast lump attending Surgery Outpatient Department were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in 5 ml sterile syringes on the same day before the FNAC was done. The total prostate-specific antigen of patients was assessed by commercially available ELISA kits and values >5 ng/L were labeled as positive. Results: Total of 230 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 42 years with a standard deviation of 11.681 years. About 182 patients had breast cancer on histopathology while 160 patients were positive for PSA. PSA was found to be 78.2% precise in detection, the sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 70.8%, and positive predictive value of 91.2% and negative predictive value of 48.5%. Conclusion: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has significant diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer in women.
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the most common medical problems, women face today, is a lump in the breast. These lumps may range from simple inflammatory to malignant. In case of carcinoma, early and accurate diagnosis can save the patient from metastases thus reducing mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study is to see the spectrum of lesion in breast lump specimens in Ibn e Sina Hospital, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan over a period of ten years.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Multan Medical and Dental College Multan, Pakistan. Data were gathered from the archives of Pathology laboratory, comprising of years 2007 t0 2017, after approval from Institutional Ethical Review Committee. All the patients presented with complaint of any kind of swelling of breast were included in this study. All the demographic and clinical details of the patients were collected on proforma. Fine needle aspiration technique was used to take sample from the suspected lesional area. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 2039 patients were presented with complaint of lump/swelling in their breast unilaterally or bilaterally. There were 628 (30.8%) benign lesions, 872 (42.8) malignant lesions, 229 cases with atypical cells. Mastitis/inflammatory lesions were seen in 167 (8.2%) cases and tuberculous granulomas were observed in 83 (4.07%) cases. Twenty cases were of miscellaneous types including lipoma, phylloda, simple cysts etc.Conclusions: Findings of present study show that majority of breast lumps were malignant, benign, inflammatory and tuberculous respectively.