Flavonoids from salvia chloroleuca with alpha-amylsae and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect

It is believed that the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes including alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase is one of the therapeutic approaches to decrease the postprandial glucose level after a meal, especially in the people with type 2 diabetes. Medicinal plants and their extracts are one of the main sources to find new inhibitors to the enzymes. In our study four flavonoids, namely luteolin 7-O-glucoside [1], luteolin 7-O-glucuronide [2], diosmetin 7-O-glucuronide [3] and salvigenin [4] were isolated from aerial parts of Salvia chloroleuca. The inhibitory activity of these compounds against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase were evaluated. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect with IC[50] values of 18.3, 14.7, and 17.1 microM, respectively. Also these compounds exhibited moderate alpha-amylase activity with IC[50] values 81.7, 61.5, and 76.3 microM, respectively

In-vitro callus induction and rosmarinic acid quantification in callus culture of satureja khuzistanica jamzad [lamiaceae]

In the present study, an efficient protocol has been developed for callus induction and production of RA in callus culture of Satureja khuzistanica for the first time. In-vitro callus induction was achieved from young shoot tip explants cultured on MS and B5 media supplemented with different concentrations of IBA [0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mgL[-1]] solely or in combination with cytokinins BAP and KIN [1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mgL[-1]]. B5 medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL[-1] IBA plus 5.0 mgL[-1] BAP and MS medium fortified with 2.0 mgL[-1] IBA and 2.0 mgL[-1] BAP were the most favorable media for callus formation with the highest induction rate [96%]. Maximum growth index [2.89 and 2.63] and maximum callus biomass [2.34 and 2.33 g fresh weight] were obtained from the callus cultured on B5 medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL[-1] IBA plus 5.0 mgL[-1] BAP and MS medium fortified with 1.0 mgL[-1] IBA plus 1.0 mgL[-1] KIN, respectively. Determination and quantification of RA in cultured calli were performed by HPLC UV/MS analysis. Calli induced from the plant and maintained on supplements of IBA and BAP in the absence of light produced RA 7.5% based on dry weight [DW]. No differentiation was observed in any callus during the course of this study