ABSTRACT
Adhatoda vasica and Calotropis procera species were investigated as a resource for new diverse pharmacological agents including B complex, individual total phenolic compounds and antioxidants for curing and treatments of many infectious diseases in human through advanced analytical methods. These plants are abundant in Khyber Pukhtoon Khawa, Pakistan as well as in all over the world and famous for their unique medicinal importance. These herbaceous species are so far used for animals curing while current exploration of these species showed that these species are a precious resource of various compounds which can be employed in the formation of different drugs. The results showed that the leaf and flower extracts of Adhatoda vasica and leaf extract of Calotropis procera contained higher contents of bioactive compounds. The chemical analysis of the samples resulted in higher values of total phenolic compounds [71.32mg GAE/g], total antioxidants [651% DPPH inhibition], the enzyme catalase [4716Mug/g], ash content [16.72%] and pH values in the Calotropis procera, whereas the total carotenoids [1987mg/100g], the enzymes, superoxide dismutase [4566Mug/g] and peroxidase [1322Mug/g] were higher in leaves of Adhatoda vasica. The flower extract of the Adhatoda vasica was rich in the flavonoids [0.87mg/100g] and organic matter [89.99%] as compared to Calotropis procera. The obtained data for each parameter was interpreted by applying Complete Randomized Design [CRD] along with factorial arrangements. The mean comparison was performed using LSD test at 5% probability level. The presence of these phytochemicals may lead to the conclusion that these herbal plants have the potential for formation of new drugs and can be used as herbal medicine for treatment of different cancer and viral diseases. These compounds are also useful in the treatment of the tumor
ABSTRACT
Oral health may be defined as a standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialize without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment and which contributes to general well being. Students play an important role in health promotion and to impart preventive information among the family and the society. Hence the purpose of this study was to investigate oral health knowledge, attitude and practice among the educated population
Objectives: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards oral health among educated population
Methods and Materials: The study group comprised of 240 people, data on oral health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [ KAP] were collected by means of self administered questionnaire .The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 16.0 software. The individual scores were summed up to yield a total score and given in subtitles for each question. Frequency, distribution, number and percentage were calculated. The study design was cross-sectional survey
Result: The results showed that among 240 respondents 200 [83.3%] agreed that smoking causes oral cancer, 24 [10%] disagreed while 16 [6.7%] did not know .160 [67%] brush their teeth in correct method , 23 [9%] do not brush their teeth in a correct method while 57 [24%] don't know proper tooth brushing technique . 72 [30%] consumed soft drinks at least once a day ,34[14%] at least once a week and 86 [36%] consumed it occasionally
Conclusion: Result of this study suggest that oral health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] of the respondents were quiet satisfying regarding the knowledge about dental care but has to be improved in the other two aspects [i.e. attitude and practice] through oral health promotion programmes. These programmes are needed to improve KAP of educated community